Trait Attributions Evaluation, Description and Attitude...

We live in a world where people make judgements about others quickly. One can base it on what they hear, a particular action that the person has done or even just who they are. Because of this a lot of stereotyping is seen and unfair judgements are made about a person. People assign traits to people based on first impressions and lack of knowledge about the person. Another thing that happens a lot in our time is political violence. People tend to ask themselves if political violence is really the solution to our problems. Should political violence be accepted? Through the use of political framing the researchers want to see if people will consider forms of political violence as acceptable or not. Some may be accepted while others won’t.†¦show more content†¦It was also shown there is an effect of attitudinal extremity when using descriptive and evaluative aspect during attribution of traits (van der Pligt and Taylor, 1984). In this study, participants used attributional inference to attribute traits. Given a story, participants were tasked to describe the character in their story using the extreme attitudes. There were two stories, one for each group. Each story had a different character that shows the attitudinal extremities. The two different characters was how political framing was manipulated in the study. Effect of IV on DV: Political Framing on Trait Attributes In a study done by Montiel and Shah the effects of political framing and the perceiver’s social position on trait attributions of a terrorist or freedom fighter was tested (Montiel Shah, 2008). By using a short description or story of either a terrorist or freedom fighter bombing a building, they were able to see if the framing had an effect on the attribution of traits they gave to the characters. In this study however, another independent variable that comes into play is the social position of the perceiver – the person who attributes the traits. Montiel and Shah thought that if a person was of different social position, Malay Christians or Filipino Muslims, then that would also play a part on the attribution of traits. The results found in the article EffectsShow MoreRelatedConflict Management and Emotional Intelligence63003 Words   |  253 Pageswith   the   concept   of   emotional   intelligence,   and   to   improve   the   quality   of   customer   service   provisions   in   the   customer  service  industry.            The  theoretical  basis  of  this  study  includes  reference  to  the  following:      ï‚ ·    Attribution  Theory  (Heider,  1958)      ï‚ ·    Factors  of  interpersonal  attraction  and  distraction  (Deutsch,  1994)         ï‚ ·    Temperament  Theory     (McKenna  Ã‚  David,  1997)      ï‚ ·    Contingency  Theory  (Burnett,  1998)      ï‚ ·    The  influence  of  environmental  factors  (Daniels  Ã‚  WalkerRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLocus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist PrisonRead MoreThe Marketing Research of Brainquiry33782 Words   |  136 PagesAlzheimers, Epilepsy, ADD/ADHD, Major Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorders, Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Eating Disorders and Migraines. Each one describes all possible treatments and a description of all medications available. The competion analysis is an analysis of 6 world wide companies that were found throughout the extensive research conducted. They are as followed: Bio Medical Instruments Inc., The Biofeedback Specialists, Brainmaster

Digital and Analog Photography Essay - 2234 Words

Negative Feelings Take a print in your hands. A traditional print. Yes, it can be hold, it can be touched, it can be smelled, it can be felt. This essay themasised the uniqueness of the physical process as well as the thought process of analogue photography. As Henri Cartier Bresson wrote nicely about the decisive moment To me, photography is the simultaneous recognition, in a fraction of a second, of the significance of an event as well as of a precise organization of forms which give that event its proper expression..This moment you are waiting for it is just a fraction of a second, before you press the shutter, you make a personal connection with the scene, and wait for the right moment to shoot. But this right†¦show more content†¦Thought is an activity of the mind. With the eyes we see the trees, a lot of trees. With the brain we see the wood. Shooting analogue need to learn, to get one step back again, when we know, that the amount of frames on the film is limited. Being aware that we are that the way of image making depends on the capacity of the films, from 36 Frames, over 12 frames, up to 1 slide. We create together, knowing that a particular moment can not be brought back,(just in the Darkroom) shot only once, with our decision of the particular time we decide to push the shutter, we start thinking, some conscious, some unconscious, about our subject, trying to build a relation ship to it, which position does it have in its environment, what our relationship to the subject is. This kind of thinking requires a qualitative response to reality. This quality is only another word for relationship, analogue. Where there are relationship there is comparison, evaulation , quality. Digital perception is very probably more precise, but it has no element of evolution. Therefore we focus on the relationship, the subject, without getting distracted. Some people might not agree and say „ hey wait , i can focus with my digital camera much more on everything, because the camera does everything. I can shoot without thinking. On image after the Other.â€Å" Without thinking, producing a large amount of photographsShow MoreRelatedApplication of Computers in Photography2137 Words   |  9 PagesOF COMPUTER IN PHOTOGRAPHY (DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY) A SEMINAR PAPER PRESENTED BY ADEWOYE UMARFARUK ADEWOLE MAT NO: 09/58199 TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE THE FEDERAL POLYTHECHNIC P.M.B 55, BIDA NIGER STATE FEBRUARY, 2012 1      ABSTRACT Over the years the application of computers in photography was not exploited, and photography has encountered great challenges and limitations. 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Whether or not the image is captured by a digital device, such as a digital camera or camcorder, or it is transformed intoRead MorePhotography As The Technical Side Of Photography2959 Words   |  12 PagesPhotography was only an idea before it became something tangible and memorable. 100 Ideas That Change Photography was written by Mary Warner Marien in 2011 and it is aim to help and remind people about both the artistic photography as well as the technical side of photography. This book thoroughly explains how does photography evolve throughout time and it gathers information on the most influential ideas that shaped photography from the early 19t h century up to digital revolution and beyond it.Read MoreImage Processing is the Process of Converting an Image into Digital Form2949 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION 1.1 IMAGE PROCESSING Image processing is defined as the process of converting an image into digital form and performing certain operations on it. 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Originally, NASA developed digital imaging for the US space program in the 1960s (History of the digital

Night World The Chosen Chapter 8 Free Essays

string(36) " to be sure it wasn’t a trap\." Well?† Daphne said. â€Å"I think it’s the slave trade.† And, Rashel thought, I think I was right-this is something big. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : The Chosen Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Night World slave trade had been banned a long time ago-back in medieval days, if she remembered the stories correctly. The Council apparently had decided that kidnapping humans and selling them to Night People for food or amusement was just too dangerous. But it sounded as if Quinn might be reviving it, probably without the Council’s permission. How very enterprising of him. I was right about killing him, too, Rashel thought. There’s no choice now. He’s as bad as I imagined- and worse. Daphne was goggling. â€Å"They were going to make me a slave?† she almost yelled. â€Å"Sh.† Rashel glanced at the man behind the doughnut counter. â€Å"I think so. Well-a slave and a sort of perpetual food supply if you were sold to vampires. Probably just dinner if you were going to werewolves.† Daphne’s lips repeated werewolves silently. But Rashel was speaking again before she could ask about it. â€Å"Look, Daphne-did you get any idea about where you might be going? You said they mentioned a boat. But a boat to where? What city?† â€Å"I don’t know. They never talked about any city. They just said the boat was ready†¦ and something about an aunt-clave.† She pronounced it ont-clave. â€Å"The girl said, ‘When we get to the aunt-clave†¦'† Daphne broke off as Rashel grabbed her wrist. â€Å"An enclave,† Rashel whispered. Thin chills of excitement were running through her. â€Å"They were talking about an enclave.† Daphne nodded, looking alarmed. â€Å"I guess.† This was big. This was†¦ bigger than big. It was incredible. A vampire enclave. The kidnapped girls were being taken to one of the hidden enclaves, one of the secret strongholds no vampire hunter had ever managed to penetrate. No human had even discovered the location of one. If I could get there†¦ if I could get in†¦ She could learn enough to destroy a whole town of vampires. Wipe an enclave off the face of the earth. She knew she could. â€Å"Uh, Rashel? You’re hurting me.† â€Å"Sorry.† Rashel let go of Daphne’s arm. â€Å"Now, listen,† she said fiercely. â€Å"I saved your life, right? I mean, they were going to do terrible things to you. So you owe me, right?† â€Å"Yeah, sure; sure, I owe you.† Daphne made pacifying motions with her hands. â€Å"Are you okay?† â€Å"Yes. I’m fine. But I need your help. I want you to tell me everything about that club. Everything I need to get in-and get chosen.† Daphne stared at her. â€Å"I’m sorry; you’re crazy.† â€Å"No, no. I know what I’m doing. As long as they don’t know I’m a vampire hunter, it’ll be okay. I have to get to that enclave.† Daphne slowly shook her blond head. â€Å"What, you’re going to, like, slay them all? By yourself? Can’t we just tell the police?† â€Å"Not all by myself. I could take a couple of other vampire hunters to help me. And as for the police†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Rashel stopped and sighed. â€Å"Okay. I guess there are some things I should explain. Then maybe you’ll understand better.† She raised her eyes and looked at Daphne steadily. â€Å"First, I should tell you about the Night World. Look, even before you met those vampires, didn’t you ever have the feeling that there was something eerie going on, right alongside our world and all mixed up in it?† She made it as simple as she could, and tried to answer Daphne’s questions patiently. And at last, Daphne sat back, looking sick and more frightened than Rashel had seen her yet. â€Å"They’re all over,† Daphne said, as if she still didn’t believe it. â€Å"In the police departments. In the government. And nobody’s ever been able to do anything about them.† â€Å"The only people who’ve had any success are the ones who work secretly, in small groups or alone. We stay hidden. We’re very careful. And we weed them out, one by one. That’s what it means to be a vampire hunter.† She leaned forward. â€Å"Now do you see why it’s so important for me to get to that enclave? It’s a chance to get at a whole bunch of them all at once, to wipe out one of their hiding places. Not to mention stopping the slave trade. Don’t you think it should be stopped?† Daphne opened her mouth, shut it again. â€Å"Okay,† she said finally, and sighed. â€Å"I’ll help. I can tell you what to talk about, how to act. At least what worked for me.† She cocked her head. â€Å"You’re going to have to dress differently†¦.† â€Å"I’ll get a couple of other vampire hunters and we’ll meet tomorrow after school. Let’s say six-thirty. Right now, I’m taking you home. You need to sleep.† She waited to see if Daphne would object, but the other girl just nodded and sighed again. â€Å"Yeah. You know, after some of the things I’ve learned, home’s starting to look good.† â€Å"Just one more thing,† Rashel said. â€Å"You can’t tell anybody about what happened to you. Tell them anything-that you ran away, whatever-but not the truth. Okay?† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"And especially don’t tell anyone about me. Got it? My life may depend on it.† â€Å"Elliot’s not here.† The voice on the telephone was cold and as hostile as Rashel had ever heard it. â€Å"Vicky, I need to talk to him. Or somebody. I’m telling you, this is our chance to get to an enclave. The girl from the warehouse heard them talking about it.† It was Friday afternoon and Rashel was phoning from a booth near her school. Vicky was speaking heavily. â€Å"We staked out that street for days and didn’t see anything, but you just happened to be in the right place at the right time to help a girl escape.† â€Å"Yes. I already told you.† â€Å"Well, that was convenient, wasn’t it?† Rashel gripped the handset more tightly. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"Just that it would be a very dangerous thing, going to a vampire enclave. And that a person would have to really trust whoever was giving them the information about it. You’d have to be sure it wasn’t a trap. You read "Night World : The Chosen Chapter 8" in category "Essay examples"† Rashel stared at the phone buttons, controlling her breathing. â€Å"I see.† â€Å"Yes, well, you don’t have much credibility around here anymore. Not since letting that vampire get away. And this sounds like just the sort of thing you’d do if you were in on it with them.† Great, Rashel thought. I’ve managed to convince her that I really am a vampire sympathizer. Aloud she said, â€Å"Is that what Nyala is telling everybody? That I’m working with the Night World?† â€Å"I don’t know what Nyala is doing.† Vicky sounded waspish and a little uneasy. â€Å"I haven’t seen her since Tuesday and nobody answers at her house.† Rashel tried to make her voice calm and reasonable. â€Å"Will you at least tell Elliot what I’m doing? Then he can call me if he wants to.† â€Å"Don’t hold your breath,† Vicky said, and hung up. Great. Terrific. Rashel replaced the handset wondering if she wasn’t supposed to hold her breath until Elliot called, or until Vicky passed on the message. One thing was clear: she couldn’t count on any help from the Lancers. Or any other vampire hunters. Nyala could be spreading any kind of rumors, and Rashel didn’t dare even call another group. There was no choice. She’d have to do it alone. That night she went to Daphne’s house. â€Å"Well, she’s grounded,† Mrs. Childs said at the door. She was a small woman with a baby in one hand, a Pampers in the other, and a toddler clutching her leg. â€Å"But I guess you can go upstairs.† Upstairs, Daphne had to chase a younger sister out of the bedroom before Rashel could sit down. â€Å"You see, I don’t even have a room of my own,† she said. â€Å"And you’re grounded. But you’re alive,† Rashel said, and raised her eyebrows. â€Å"Hi.† â€Å"Oh. Hi.† Daphne looked embarrassed. Then she smiled, sitting cross-legged on her bed. â€Å"You’re wearing normal clothes.† Rashel glanced down at her sweater and jeans. â€Å"Yeah, the ninja outfit’s just my career uniform.† Daphne grinned. â€Å"Well, you’re still going to have to look different if you’re going to get into the club. Should we start now, or do you want to wait for the others?† Rashel stared at a row of perfume bottles on the dresser across the room. â€Å"There aren’t going to be any others.† â€Å"But I thought you said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Look. It’s hard to explain, but I’ve had a little problem with the vampire hunters around here. So I’m doing it without them. It’s no problem. We can start now.† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Daphne pursed her lips. She looked different from the disheveled wild creature Rashel had rescued from the street last night. Her blond hair was soft and fluffy, her cornflower blue eyes were large and innocent, her face was round and sweet. She was fashionably dressed and she seemed relaxed, in her own element in this normal teenager’s room. It was Rashel who felt out of place. â€Å"Well†¦ do you want to just take along a friend or something?† Daphne asked. â€Å"I don’t have a friend,† Rashel said flatly. â€Å"And I don’t want one. Friends are people to worry about, they’re baggage. I don’t like baggage.† Daphne blinked slowly. â€Å"But at school†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I don’t stay at schools more than one year at a time. I live with foster families, and I usually get myself sent to a new city every year. That way I stay ahead of the vampires. Look, this isn’t about me, okay? What I want to know-â€Å" â€Å"But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Daphne was staring at the mirror. Rashel followed her gaze to see that the reflecting surface was almost completely covered by pictures. Pictures of Daphne with guys, Daphne with other girls. Daphne counted her friends in droves, apparently. â€Å"But doesn’t that get lonely?† â€Å"No, it doesn’t get lonely,† Rashel said through her teeth. She found herself getting rough with the lacy little throw pillow on her lap. â€Å"I like being on my own. Now are we done with the press conference?† Looking hurt, Daphne nodded. â€Å"Okay. I talked with some people at school and everything at the dub is going on the same as usual-except that Quinn hasn’t been there since Sunday. Ivan and the girl were there Tuesday and Wednesday, but not Quinn.† â€Å"Oh, really?† That was interesting. Rashel had known from the beginning that her greatest problem was going to be Quinn. The other two vampires hadn’t seen her-she didn’t think they even realized that Daphne had run off with a vampire hunter last night. But Quinn had spoken to her. Had been†¦ very close to her. Still, what could he have seen in that cellar, even with his vampire vision? Not her face. Not even her hair. Her ninja outfit covered her from neck to wrist to ankle. All he could possibly know was that she was tall. If she changed her voice and kept her eyes down, he shouldn’t be able to recognize her. But it would be easier still if he weren’t there in the first place, and Rashel could try her act on Ivan. â€Å"That reminds me,† she said. â€Å"Ivan and the girl- are their little groups into death, too?† Daphne nodded. â€Å"Everybody in the whole place is, basically. It’s that kind of place.† A perfect place for vampires, in other words. Rashel wondered briefly if the Night People owned the dub or if some obliging humans had just constructed the ideal habitat for them. She’d have to check into that. â€Å"Actually,† Daphne was saying, a little shyly, â€Å"I’ve got a poem here for you. I thought you could say you wrote it. It would sort of prove you were into the same thing as the other girls.† Rashel took the piece of notebook paper and read: There’s warmth in ice; there’s cooling peace in fire, And midnight light to show us all the way. The dancing flame becomes a funeral pyre; The Dark was more enticing than the Day. She looked up at Daphne sharply. â€Å"You wrote this before you knew about the Night World?† Daphne nodded. â€Å"It’s the kind of thing Quinn liked. He used to say he was the darkness and the silence and things like that.† Rashel wished she had Quinn right there in the room, along with a large stake. These young girls were like moths to his flame, and he was taking advantage of their innocence. He wasn’t even pretending to be harmless; instead he was encouraging them to love their own destruction. Making them think it was their idea. â€Å"About your clothes,† Daphne was going on. â€Å"My friend Mamie is about your size and she lent me this stuff. Try it on and we’ll see if it looks right.† She tossed Rashel a bundle. Rashel unfolded it, examined it doubtfully. A few minutes later she was examining herself even more doubtfully in the mirror. She was wearing a velvety black jumpsuit which clung to her like a second skin. It was cut in a very low V in front, but the sleeves reached down in Gothic points on the backs of her hands almost to the middle finger. Around her neck was a black leather choker that looked to her like a dog collar. She said, â€Å"I don’t know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No, no, you look great. Sort of like a Betsey Johnson ultra model. Walk a little†¦ turn around†¦ okay, yeah. Now all we have to do is paint your fingernails black, add a little makeup, and-â€Å" Daphne stopped and frowned. â€Å"What’s wrong?† â€Å"It’s the way you walk. You walk like-well, like them, actually. Like the vampires. As if you’re stalking something. And you don’t ever make a noise. They’re going to know you’re a vampire hunter from the way you move.† It was a good point, but Rashel didn’t know what to do about it. â€Å"Um†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’ve got it,† Daphne said brightly. â€Å"We’ll put you in heels.† â€Å"Oh, no,† Rashel said. â€Å"There is absolutely no way I’m going to wear those things.† â€Å"But it’ll be perfect, see? You won’t be able to walk normally.† â€Å"No, and I won’t be able to run, either.† â€Å"But you aren’t going there to run. You’re going to talk and dance and stuff.† Hands on her hips, she shook her head. â€Å"I don’t know, Rashel, you really need somebody to go there with you, to help you with this stuff†¦.† Daphne stopped and her eyes narrowed. She stared at the mirror for a moment, then she nodded. â€Å"Yeah. That’s it. There’s no other choice,† she said, expelling her breath. She turned to face Rashel squarely. â€Å"I’ll just have to go with you myself.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"You need somebody with you; you can’t do this all alone. And there’s nobody better than me. I’ll go with you and this time we’ll both get chosen.† Rashel sat on the bed. â€Å"I’m sorry; this time you ‘re crazy. You’re the last person the vampires would ever choose. You know all about them.† â€Å"But they don’t know that,† Daphne said serenely. â€Å"I told everybody at school today that I didn’t remember anything that happened from Sunday on. I had to tell them something, you know. So I said that I never got to meet Quinn; that I didn’t know what happened to me, but I woke up last night alone on this street in Mission Hill.† Rashel tried to think. Would any of the vampires believe this story? The answer surprised her. They just might. If Daphne had begun to come out of the mind control while she was in the truck†¦ if she had jumped out and started running, only to become fully conscious a little while later.. .. Yes. It could work. The vampires would assume that she’d have amnesia for the whole period she was in a trance, and maybe for a little before. It could work†¦. â€Å"But it’s too dangerous,† she said. â€Å"Even if I let you go to the club with me, I could never let you get chosen.† â€Å"Why not? You already said I must be resistant to their mind-control thingy, right?† Daphne’s blue eyes were sparking with energy and her cheeks were flushed. â€Å"So that makes me perfect for the job. I can do it. I know I can help you.† Rashel stood helplessly. Take this fluffy bunny of a girl to a vampire enclave? Let her get sold as a slave to bloodsucking monsters? Ask her to fight ruthless snakes like Quinn? â€Å"I like to work alone,† she said in a hard voice. Daphne folded her arms over her chest, refusing to be intimidated. â€Å"Well, maybe it’s time you tried something different. Look, I’ve never met anyone like you. You’re so independent, so adventurous, so–amazing. But even you can’t do everything by yourself. I know I’m not a vampire hunter, but I’d like to be your friend. Maybe you should try trusting a friend this time.† Her eyes met Rashel’s, and at that moment she didn’t look like a fluffy bunny, but like a small, confident, and intelligent young woman. â€Å"Besides, it was me who got kidnapped,† Daphne said, shrugging. â€Å"Don’t you think I should get to pay them back a little?† Rashel caught herself almost grinning. She couldn’t help liking this girl, or feeling a glow of warmth at her praise. But still†¦ She drew in a careful breath and watched Daphne closely. â€Å"And you’re not scared?† â€Å"Of course I’m scared. I’d be stupid not to be. But I’m not so scared I can’t go.† It was the right answer. Rashel looked around the cluttered lacy room and nodded slowly. At last she said, â€Å"Okay, you’re in. Tomorrow’s Saturday. We’ll do it tomorrow night.† How to cite Night World : The Chosen Chapter 8, Essay examples

Implementation Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Implementation for Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: It is needless to state that any private organization works with the purpose of profit maximization. Hence, for the sake of enhancing its revenue, an organization formulates various kinds of strategies, the implementation of which however, solely depends on the employees and the working staffs. Hence, motivating the employees to excel in their respective jobs, becomes a matter of utmost importance for any organization, and herein lays the importance of Employee Value Proposition, otherwise known as EVP. The EVP can be offered to the employees in the form of great salary and compensation benefits, bonus and incentives, or work-life balance. The concept of EVP has become an important aspect of any organization, not merely because it helps in employee retention, but also because it helps in creating a strong employee brand, and in re-engaging a disenchanted workforce (Bettencourt et al. 2014). The importance of EVP cannot be overstated because the work in an organization is based on a g ive and take policy. It is only when the organization agrees to offer lucrative salary and other financial benefits to its employees that the employees in turn help the organization meet its mission, vision and goals with the help of their skills and expertise. Each and every organization has an EVP of its own which it tends to follow, even if the EVP is not well-defined by it. However, it is recommended that each organization should have a clearly defined EVP as it serves as a kind of a mutual agreement between the employee and the organization, which in turn helps the employees generate greater productivity, ultimately leading to organizational success (Melton and Hartley 2013). Discussion: Woolworths, established in the year of 1924, has emerged to be one of the largest and most recognized supermarkets in Australia (Woolworths 2016). Woolworths recognizes the undeniable importance of its employees in serving the consumers. Woolworths being a retail store, largely depends on the efficiency, skills and expertise of its employees and hence the organization undertakes much responsibility for ensuring employee satisfaction. It is worth mentioning here that Woolworths does not merely offer competitive salary packages to its employees (Tantalo and Prim 2014). The authority of Woolworths also makes sure that the employees are getting sufficient appraisal and recognition for their professional dedication, and are able to find an amiable work environment to work smoothly in. Woolworths has a clear EVP strategy that intends to offer an experience to its employees, rather than stress and work anxiety. Woolworths has always been known for encouraging diversity in workplace, whereby it has as many as 2000 indigenous employees (Woolworths 2016). Most importantly, among its 1,90,000 employees, the organization never fails to recognize employee skills with the help of various scholarship programs, such as Jack Shewmaker Scholarship program (Santos et al. 2013). The very reason as to why Woolworths has recently emerged to be a successful organization is that the management authority of Woolworths knows how to tap the motivation of its employees. The organization works in accordance with the rules of the workplace science, and hence helps in not only satisfying the financial requirements of its employees, but also focuses sufficiently on the suitable job design for each individual employee. The Employee Value Proposition not only implies valuing the employees in terms of monetary benefits, but also valuing their needs and expectations in the workplace. This is the reason why Woolworths works for employee segmentation, whereby the employee with good social skills and outgoing nature is allotted team work, and those with data-driven, analytical bent of mind are assigned more individual roles, such as the role of a Sales Assistant or Supervisor (Mortimer and Connor 2014). This kind of employee segmentation practice followed at Woolworths is a pa rt of its EVP plan, as this is a way of making an employee feel valued, by assigning him the suitable job role, and rewarding him based on the successful execution of the job. While speaking of EVP, the salary is the first thing that comes in mind, and the salary scale offered by any organization is indeed the most important part of the EVP. Providing competitive salary to the employees helps in greater employee loyalty, and most importantly helps in the retention of the skillful employees. The Employee Value Proposition of an organization should not state that it should keep on inflating the salary of its employees without proper justification. For the sake of retaining employees, if an organization aims to offer competitive salary rates to its employees, it will soon run short of resources. Hence, an organization must create its EVP in such a way that it does not underpay or overvalue an employee. Woolworths EVP financially recognizes the skill, hard work and dedication of each employee. The salary package is sufficiently high, and at the same time the organization offers good amount of incentives and financial benefits to its employees (Balasubramaniam and Raghuraman 2014). The organization also encourages its working staffs not only by providing them the salaries in time, but also offering them high bonus rates during Christmas. In case an employee works on a Sunday his extra effort is always rewarded by Woolworths through additional pay. Each organization has its set of mission, objectives and goals to be accomplished in a given time, but it can achieve the same only if it can sufficiently motivate its employees. Woolworths is well aware of the fact that its team of extremely committed and passionate employees largely contributes to its organizational success. Woolworths provides salary in due time, and at the same time offers variable pay in the form of long term as well as short term incentives (Laddha et al. 2012). It often happens that an employee has the necessary skill and talent, the fulfillment of which however, can come by providing adequate training to the employees. In order to ensure that the employees are able enough to offer productivity, the organization must arrange training programs as well (Byrant and Allen 2013). However, spending money for training inefficient workers is of no use, and hence Woolworths spends enormous amount of money for arranging various training programs for the most deserving employees. It is worth mentioning that the organization in the year of 2013, had invested a lump sum amount of $ 32.2 million for learning and development programs, meant solely for the purpose of enhancing the skills of its employees (Dhar 2015). Any sort of training is an important part of EVP of an organization, as it not only helps in benefitting the organization by providing highly skilled employees, but also helps in nurturing the potentiality of each of the employees. The very po pular belief is that training the employees, ultimately leads to the loss of employees, as once they are trained and skilled, they start looking for better jobs. However, this is indeed a misconception as reports and studies suggest that when an organization decides to invest in necessary training programs for its employees, the employees feel valued, and hence show a sense of gratitude by continuing to work in the same organization. Keeping into consideration the importance of training, Woolworths has held more than 6,60,000 training sessions in the year of 2013, and it surely has required a huge amount of investment (Dhar 2015). However, the management authority of the organization has claimed that each of the training programs is meant to bring about the professional development among the employees, and hence the investment is not a big issue. The organization has also introduced the recent FastTrack Program to Management and Leadership that assists the existent employees in care er and skill development process. According to Nancy Elshami , EVP is a way by which an organization financially recognizes the contribution of an employee in an organization, and hence satisfying the employee expectations is very important if an organization intends to retain its employees (Naqvi and Khan 2013). Elshami maintains that apart from the financial factors, an employee also derives adequate job satisfaction from how an organization treats it and values its skills and hence introducing career development programs or recognizing their talents, is very critical to attracting as well as retaining the employees (Gubler et al. 2016). Woolworths, since its inception, has always encouraged and motivated its employees to think of innovative, novel ideas for future business growth. Once an employee has demonstrated innovation by introducing a business transforming idea, he is rewarded with the help of the Jack Shewmaker Scholarship program. Alan Booth, for example, is an employee who has recently been chosen for th e Jack Shewmaker Scholarship Program, for having provided a more modern trailer design that will assist the organization in fresher delivery of its products (Santos et al. 2014). While discussing the issue of employee welfare, the importance of work-life balance cannot be overemphasized. An organization needs to ensure that the employees are able to maintain proper work-life balance, and they are not being overburdened with long working hours and tight working schedules (Issacs 2016). While framing the EVP, an organization should keep in the mind the issue of work-life balance as well. Woolworths offers good work-life balance to its employees. It allows flexible working schedule to its employees, and the full time workers get to work only five days a week, whereby they can choose to take their week off on either Friday and Saturday or Sunday and Monday. Woolworths not only offers good working conditions to its employees, but also provides sufficient break in between, so that the employees can be refreshed and relaxed. In an 8 hour shift, an employee gets two employee breaks- two 15 minutes break and one 1 hour break (Manne 2015). The organization also offers food and drinks to its employees at free of cost, and is known for meting out good treatment to each of its employees, from working staffs to floor managers. As already being stated, Woolworths has earned much recognition as well as organizational success by offering both financial as well as non-financial benefits to its employees via its strong and effective EVP plan. The employees working at Woolworths enjoy attractive discounts on a huge number of products and services, and can also avail discounts and lucrative offers on cinema, live show tickets, accommodation service and many more. The employees also get a fixed 5 % discount while purchasing any commodity from a Woolworths store (Woolworths 2016). The organization also provides health insurance to its employees, and what is even more striking, is that Woolworths is one of the very few private organizations in the world that is offering paid maternity leave as well (Woolworths 2016). Woolworths works with as many as 85,000 female employees, and hence offering maternity benefits to its employees is an important achievement in itself (Woolworths 2016). As already mentioned, the main purpose of EVP is to make the employee feel valued, and to respect the daily efforts an employee invests for bringing in the organizational success. Hence, it is wrong and highly unjust to terminate an employee, or stop paying her just because she has conceived and wishes to take a leave. Woolworths knows how to retain its employees, and thus offers an eight week maternity leave to its female employees. While for most of the organizations, it is just an unnecessary wastage of money, for Woolworths, it is a way of building valued relation with its employees. The employees are the real gems of an organization, and when the organization is as consumer-friendly as Woolworths, treating the employees in the right way becomes a necessity. The moment an organization starts working towards improvement of the condition of its employees, it starts achieving enormous recognition in the workplace, and hence good EVP is a must for any organization that intends to sus tain itself in future. Offering an employee disability benefit, is also an integral part of the EVP of Woolworths. In case an employee of Woolworths becomes disabled because of illness, or any other reason, and fails to continue to work in future, the organization does not merely accept his resignation, but takes his financial responsibility to a considerable extent (Katz 2014). After sufficient medical tests, if it is proved that an employee is physically unable to continue his job, he will be offered disability fund by Woolworths until his death. Similarly, the organization also provides good amount of retirement benefits, educational fund and similar kinds of benefits to each of its employees (Katz 2014). Woolworths has gone a great way in terms of creating its EVP. However, a few recommendations can be suggested to enable the organization improve its employee experience. The organization has already introduced different awards meant for recognizing the skills of its employees; however the number of awards given can be increased (Gallus and Frey 2015). The organization should offer recognition to its employees for working overtime, or for making remarkable contribution to the business. The organization should also arrange for the best team award as well to ensure great team bonding within the organization. The organization should also increase the number of employee opinion surveys that will help the employees rate their experience in the work culture of Woolworths (Heathfield 2013). Despite the fact that the organization has recently adopted several steps to ensure the work-life balance of its employees, the employees are still found to complain about the excessive work stress at Woo lworths. Hence, greater flexibility of working hours can be provided to the employees, and the employees should also be allowed to enjoy the holiday leave at least twice a year. An effective EVP can only be created by an organization if it can conduct sufficient qualitative internal research that will help them understand the needs and the expectations of its employees. The organization may also plan internal communication programs that will help them understand the requirements of the employees from themselves (Denis 2016). Conclusion: It can be understood from the above discussion that EVP plays an important role in the organizational success of any organization. An organization must take into consideration the benefits of the employees if it intends to operate the business activities smoothly in future. In case an organization aspires to attract as well as secure some of the best and highly priced talent of the market, it must create an impressive EVP plan. It should be remembered that EVP is also an integral part of the marketing strategy of any organization. While creating the Employee Value Proposition, an organization should not merely consider the financial benefits to be offered to an employee, but should also ensure that each of the employees derive job satisfaction. Hence, ensuring good work environment great working condition, introducing ethical policies, opportunity for career progression, are also important factors that should be considered, while drafting the EVP of the organization. Reference List: AO Dos Santos, M., Svensson, G. and Padin, C., 2014. Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of sustainable business practices: framework and empirical illustration.Corporate Governance,14(4), pp.515-530. Balasubramaniam, V.C. and Raghuraman, S., 2014, January. We Do Not Retain People, We Retain Capabilities: People Management Model in the Not-for-Profit Space. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 13167). Academy of Management. Bettencourt, L.A., Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014. A service lens on value creation.California Management Review,57(1), pp.44-66. Bryant, P.C. and Allen, D.G., 2013. Compensation, benefits and employee turnover HR strategies for retaining top talent.Compensation Benefits Review,45(3), pp.171-175. Denis, D.K., 2016. Corporate Governance and the Goal of the Firm: In Defense of Shareholder Wealth Maximization.Forthcoming in the Financial Review. Dhar, R.L., 2015. Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, pp.419-430. Dos Santos, M.A., Svensson, G. and Padin, C., 2013. Indicators of sustainable business practices: Woolworths in South Africa.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,18(1), pp.104-108. Gallus, J. and Frey, B.S., 2015. Awards: A strategic management perspective.Strategic Management Journal. Gubler, T., Larkin, I. and Pierce, L., 2016. Motivational spillovers from awards: Crowding out in a multitasking environment.Organization Science,27(2), pp.286-303. Heathfield, S.M., 2013. Top 10 Reasons Why Employees Quit Their Job. Isaacs, D., 2016. Workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ life balance.Journal of paediatrics and child health,52(1), pp.5-6. Katz, E.E., 2014. Social enterprise businesses: A strategy for creating good jobs for people with disabilities.Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation,40(2), pp.137-142. Laddha, A., Singh, R., Gabbad, H. and Gidwani, G.D., 2012. Employee retention: An art to reduce turnover.International Journal of Management Research and Reviews,2(3), p.453. Manne, D., 2015.The relationship between the use of flexible workplace arrangements and satisfaction with work-family balance amongst working fathers(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town). Melton, H.L. and Hartline, M.D., 2013. Employee collaboration, learning orientation, and new service development performance.Journal of Service Research,16(1), pp.67-81. Mortimer, D. and OConnor, C., 2014. Designing jobs: Universal principles or strategic choice?.International Employment Relations Review,20(2), p.48. Naqvi, S.M.H. and Khan, M.A., 2013. Employees training and organizational performance: Mediation by employees performance. Tantalo, C. and Priem, R.L., 2014. Value creation through stakeholder synergy.Strategic Management Journal. Woolworths, (2016).Woolworths.co.za | Food, Home, Clothing General Merchandise available online!. [online] Woolworths.co.za. Available at: https://www.woolworths.co.za/store/fragments/corporate/corporate-index.jsp?content=corporate-landingcontentId=fol110093 [Accessed 20 Aug. 2016]. Woolworthslimited.com.au. (2016).Code of Conduct - Woolworths Limited. [online] Available at:https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/Who_We_Are/Corporate_Governance/Code_of_Conduct/ [Accessed 20 Aug. 2016].

Politics And The Truman/ Macarthur Contoversy Essays - Korean War

Politics And The Truman/ Macarthur Contoversy July 7,2000 Politics and the Truman/MacArthur Controversy The precarious ?peace? following World War II was at times only seconds from degenerating into a world wide nuclear war. The intensity of the cold war allowed for minimal error in foreign policy. It was during this tense and volatile time that General Douglas MacArthur fought what some deem ?his? war in Korea. While he had proven himself time and again a brilliant military leader, his behavior was not impeccable. He tended to rely too much on his own authority, a trait not dear to Congress or the President. It was this tendency towards insubordination and his flagrant vocal outbursts that resulted in his dismissal on April 11, 1951, by President Harry S. Truman.1 The outcome of World War II left the world in an unprecedented situation. The two primary Allied powers, the United States, a capitalist nation, and the Soviet Union, a communist nation, were political polar opposites. The differences between the two political ideologies lent the two nations to a natural rivalry. The post World War II world was a prime playing field for this rivalry to unfold. Most of the world powers had been completely devastated, leaving formerly self-sufficient nations and their colonies in complete governmental and economic disarray. Subsequently they were susceptible to the influence of anyone offering assistance either governmentally of economically. Hence, the rivalry that had begun prior to the war was foregone out of the necessity to defeat a common foe once again began again in earnest. It was against this backdrop of fear and the burgeoning Cold War that General MacArthur would wage his war in Korea. The Soviet Union felt that the spread of communism was imminent and set about to assist that trend. At the same time the Soviet Union wanted to ensure that they would not be invaded again. If control of Eastern Europe could be retained they would be n essence killing two birds with one stone, furthering their political ideology and creating a buffer zone between themselves and anyone wishing to invade the Soviet Union. The United States was convinced that the soviets were intent upon the world domination of communism and that they would aggressively pursue that goal.2 This coupled with the blossoming of nuclear technology elevated the stakes. The United States had effectively ended World War II with the dropping of the atom bomb in Japan.Soviet nuclear technology was not far behind thanks to the infiltration of American government by soviet spies. Until the onset of the Cold War Korea would have been a non issue. .A remote place in respect to the United States, a war on behalf of Korea would never have occurred prior to the cold war and its foreign policies. However, the intense competition between communism and capitalism worldwide was enough to make the political status of Korea an important issue in American politics.3 When China became a communist nation the United States became willing to go to great lengths to ensure that no other East Asian nations succumbed to Communism. Thus a civil war in Korea led by a communist regime resulted in American intervention. This situation evolved into the Korean War. True to its oath to go to all lengths to contain communism, the United States dispatched its most decorated general, Douglas MacArthur, to head the forces in Korea. General Douglas MacArthur had been in the Far East for many years. Prior to the war general Macarthur had been commander in the Philippines and during the war he had led the Allied forces in the Far East. At the close of the war he had been appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in the Pacific. It was only natural that he would take control of the Koran situation. General MacArthur had proven himself a brilliant commander during the war and was very aware of his own successes. The fact that he had lived in the region for so long also led him to the conclusion that he understood the situation in the Far East more fully that any other American. These two beliefs played a large part in the culmination of events that led to the dismissal of General

About the Artful Use of Stucco

About the Artful Use of Stucco Stucco is a mortar mixture that is commonly used as an exterior siding application on houses. Historically it has been used as a sculpting medium for architectural ornamentation. Stucco can be made by mixing sand and lime with water and various other ingredients, most often cement. Like frosting on a cracked layer cake, a good layer of stucco can enrich a once-shabby exterior. The plaster-like material, however, has many decorative uses and is found throughout the world. For centuries stucco has been used not only in Middle Eastern mosques, but also as ornate Rococo ornamentation in Bavarian pilgrimage churches. The Stucco Wall Stucco is more than a thin veneer but it is not a building material- a stucco wall is not structurally made of stucco. Stucco is the finish applied to the wall. Usually, wooden walls are covered with tar paper and chicken wire or galvanized metal screening called casing bead. Interior walls may have wooden laths. This framework is then covered with layers of stucco mixture. The first layer is called a scratch coat, and then a brown coat is applied to the dried scratch coat. The tinted finish coat is the surface everyone sees. For masonry walls, including damaged brick and concrete block that a homeowner wishes to hide, preparation is easier. A bonding agent is usually brushed on, and then the stucco mixture is applied directly to the power-washed and prepared masonry surface. How to repair stucco? Historic preservationists have written extensively on the topic in Preservation Brief 22. Definitions of Stucco Stucco is often defined by both how it is made and where (and how) it is applied. Historic preservationists in Great Britain describe a common stucco as a combination of lime, sand, and hair- with the hair long, strong, and free of dirt and grease, from the horse or ox. A 1976 Time-Life home repair book describes stucco as mortar containing hydrated lime and asbestos- probably not a recommended additive today. The 1980 Penguin Dictionary of Architecture simply describes stucco as Plasterwork usually rendered very smooth or modeled as in stucco ceilings. The Dictionary of Architecture and Construction covers all bases: stucco 1. An exterior finish, usually textured; composed of portland cement, lime, and sand, which are mixed with water. 2. A fine plaster used for decorative work or moldings. 3. Simulated stucco containing other materials, such as epoxy as a binder. 4. A partially or fully calcined gypsum that has not yet been processed into a finished product. Decorative Stucco Although stucco-sided homes became popular in twentieth-century America, the concept of using stucco mixtures in architecture goes back to ancient times. Wall frescoes by ancient Greeks and Romans were painted on fine-grained hard plaster surfaces made of gypsum, marble dust, and glue. This marble dust compound could be molded into decorative shapes, polished to a sheen, or painted. Artists like Giacomo Serpotta became stucco masters, incorporating figures into the architecture, like the male nude sitting on a window cornice in the Oratory of the Rosary in Saint Lorenzo in Sicily, Italy. Stucco techniques were elaborated by the Italians during the Renaissance and the artistry spread throughout Europe. German craftsmen like Dominikus Zimmermann took stucco designs to new artistic levels with elaborate church interiors, such as The Wieskirche in Bavaria. The exterior of this pilgrimage church is truly Zimmermanns Deception. The simplicity of the walls on the outside belies the extravagant interior ornamentation. About Synthetic Stucco Many homes built after the 1950s use a variety of synthetic materials that resemble stucco. Mock stucco siding is often composed of foam insulation board or cement panels secured to the walls. Although synthetic stucco may look authentic, real stucco tends to be heavier. Walls made of genuine stucco sound solid when tapped and will be less likely to suffer damage from a hard blow. Also, genuine stucco holds up well in wet conditions. Although it is porous and will absorb moisture, genuine stucco will dry easily, without damage to the structure- especially when it is installed with weep screeds. One type of synthetic stucco, known as EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems), has long been associated with moisture problems. The underlying wood on EIFS-sided homes tended to suffer rot damage. A simple Web search for stucco lawsuit reveals plenty of problems up and down the East coast beginning in the 1990s. Experts say stucco can be done right, or it can be done quickly, reported Floridas 10NEWS-TV. And when builders are trying to put homes up as fast - or as cheap - as possible, they often choose the latter. Other types of synthetic stucco are durable, and the AIAs magazine, Architect, reports that building codes and commercial products have changed in the past few years. Its always wise to have a professional inspection before purchasing a stucco-sided home. Examples of Use Stucco siding is most often found on Mission Revival style and Spanish and Mediterranean style homes. When traveling to southern US environs, notice that concrete block is often used for sturdy, wind-resistant, energy-efficient homes and public buildings like schools and town halls. Many times these blocks are finished with only a hearty paint, but a coating of stucco is said to increase the value (and status) of these concrete block homes. Theres even an abbreviation for the practice- CBS for concrete block and stucco. When visiting the Art Deco buildings throughout Miami Beach, Florida, note that most are stucco over block. Weve been told that developers who insist on a stucco finish on wood frame structures end up having a heap of moisture problems. But not all stucco problems are the same. A wall made of straw bale will have different needs than concrete block or timber frame construction. Consulting a stucco restoration specialist who may know nothing about straw bale construction might be a mistake. Stucco recipes are not one size fits all. Mixtures are many. Having said all that, you can buy premixed and pre-formulated stucco. Both DAP and Quikrete sell bags and buckets of the mixture at big box stores and even on Amazon.com. Other companies, such as Liquitex, supply stucco mixtures for artists. Resources and Further Reading Revisiting EIFS, the Once-Maligned Cladding System that May Help Architects Meet New Energy Codes by Elizabeth Evitts Dickinson, Architect, August 5, 2013Floridas billion-dollar stucco problem by Noah Pransky, WTSP,  10NEWS-TV, June 24, 2015The Stucco Book: The Basics by Herb Nordmeyer, 2012Exterior Stucco by Ian Constantinides and Lynne Humphries, The Building Conservation Directory, 2003 at buildingconservation.com [accessed February 12, 2016]Time-Life books, Home Repair and Improvement, 1976, Masonry, Index/Glossary, p. 127The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, John Fleming, Hugh Honour, Midolaus Pevner, 3rd edition, 1980, p. 313Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw- Hill, 1975, pp. 482-483

A Review Of Inequality And Globalization Case Studies Economics Essay

A Review Of Inequality And Globalization Case Studies Economics Essay Globalization is defined as the worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration according to www.businessdictionary.com. Globalization has been evolving for thousands of years; countries have been buying and selling goods to each other from great distances since the Middle Ages. The recent trend of globalization has been motivated by policies that have opened economies both domestically and internationally. Technology has been another driving factor for globalization. Information Technology has given the world a means of pursuing economic opportunities. There are multiple issues that have arisen due to the globalization of markets from around the world. International trade and transport are hindered by complicated, lengthy and frequently altered procedures and documentation, different requirements in different countries, duplicated inspections, high charges, the lack of effective interagency coordination and cooperation among ministries and agenc ies involved in trade and transport facilitation, overlapping and conflicting conventions for trade and transport facilitation and the absence of effective information and communication technology applications for trade and transport facilitation. These situations create high costs in trade transactions and delays in the cross border movement of goods and services. Globalization has caused the conditions of inequality and discrimination to deteriorate. Women in society have seen a significant impact as a result of globalization. A demand for cheap labor, combined with a loss of jobs held by men which reduced the customary family income has lead to an increase is the number of women in the labor market. Women who either cannot find factory work or whose family situation prevents them from working in a factory, have had to seek work in the informal sector under some of the worse labor conditions in existence. This had lead to inferior quality labor opportunities and puts underemployme nt just as big a problem as open unemployment. â€Å"Labour market deregulation has been an important issue that has arisen. Formal regulations have been eroded or abandoned by legislative means; and implicit deregulation, whereby remaining regulations have been made less effective through inadequate implementation or systematic bypassing. Such deregulation has been based on the belief that excessive government intervention in labor markets – through such measures as public sector wage and employment policies, minimum wage fixing, employment security rules – is a serious impediment to adjustment and should therefore, be removed or relaxed. Deregulation might mean more employment for women, but the danger is that such employment would tend to be on less favorable terms. The question is whether the market can be left almost entirely to determine the price of female labor and the conditions of female employment† (Lin, 1999, p19-20). However, the biggest issue arisi ng from globalization appears to be in human rights violations. The enjoyment of fundamental aspects of the right to life, freedom from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, freedom from servitude, the right to equality and non-discrimination, the right to an adequate standard of living (including the right to adequate food, clothing and housing), and the right to work accompanied by the right to just and fair conditions of labor, There is the concern that countries cannot fulfill their international human rights obligations.

Implementation & Analysis of Public Policy Essay

Implementation & Analysis of Public Policy - Essay Example e 2004 general elections before the voters to 2006 and later 2008 with an election outcome of 52.7 percent voting in favor of the project (Albalate 15). This approval was for the first segment of the proposed railway system that was dubbed Proposition 1A. As Albalate asserts, the entire project was estimated to cost forty billion dollars, however, the authority responsible for the execution of the plan releases a novel cost estimation ranging between $98.5 billion and $118 billion. The system is anticipated to complete in 2035 whereby it will carry 120,000 riders each day at a speed of 200 miles per hour, if it gets built successfully (16). Despite the gobs of benefits anticipated from the proposed rail system, there has been criticism hitherto. The proposed rail system intends to meet California’s transportation needs of the 21st century. The 800-mile running rail is purposed to connect the major regions of the state such as San Francisco and Los Angeles. With the congestion in the transport systems, it is feasible to implement a system that will help in reducing both the inconveniences and time taken to travel. The state of California experiences severe air pollutions, and to eliminate this, the proposed rail system aims at achieving a cleaner environment wiping out the auto travel, which is the main agent of air pollution. The elimination of autos from the transport system will also reduce the state’s reliance on foreign oils. For other means of transport, the high-speed rail project will enhance connectivity. The rail system is also calculated at contributing to the state’s economic development and job creation for the persistently heightened unemployment characterized population. Besides, the high- speed rail system aspires to protect the preserved, ecologically sensitive, and agricultural lands by reducing the per passenger emissions, during travel, across the state of California (Jones 228). After the completion of the project, Californians have much

Ethical issues in packaging practices, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical issues in packaging practices, - Essay Example Conventionally, the concept of ethical packaging is associated with green packaging. This can be attributed to the fact that environmental health and safety and preservation of natural resources are among the prime agendas of scientists and researchers in the present age. However, the concept of ethical packaging includes and extends beyond green packaging. Ethical packaging can be defined as a packaging that, in short, complies with the moral standards. While certain moral standards are shared by people in all sorts of cultures, there are others that change from one culture to another. One of the ethical issues in packaging is the pictures of models on the covers. This is particularly an issue in the Muslim countries. Muslim countries make a considerable portion of the consumers. In order to make a product successful in particularly some of the more conservative and orthodox Muslim countries, it is imperative that the products do not have pictures of models over their packages with any level of nudity. While this is generally not a matter of concern in the Western countries, such a packaging is not consistent with the values and teachings of Islam. The fundamental purpose of showing models over the packaging is marketing of the products. If the features of packaging offend the consumers in any way, the sole purpose of putting the models on packaging is lost. Ethical packaging constitutes green packaging given the rapid depletion of natural resources in the present age. In addition to the depleting natural resources, environmental pollution is increasing steadily with the growth of industrialization. This imparts the need for packagers to identify alternate materials with which to pack the products. Traditionally, products are packed in plastic bags. However, their difficulty of decomposition compared to paper bags makes the latter, a more environment-friendly option when it comes to packaging. But using a paper bag in place of a plastic bag has its own implica tions since it is not as strong and durable a carrier as a plastic bag is. Besides, most of the paper is recycled and the chemicals used to recycle the paper contaminate the products packaged in them. This is particularly a matter of concern for food items. When Oakland placed a ban over the use of plastic bags in general and Styrofoam food packaging in particular (Zamora, 2006), plastic manufacturers sued the city in response. According to The Coalition to Support Plastic Bag Recycling, the city did not do adequate research on the repercussions of the ban. Plastic manufacturers sued not on the grounds that their profits might be sabotaged, but instead on the grounds of environment, claiming that paper is no less harmful for the environment than plastic. The jewelery industry provides an example of how ethical packaging can be made more responsible and attractive for the consumers. Jewelery industry has started making socially responsible packaging by raising the bar on the practice s of ethical business. For example, Responsible Jewelery Council is a UK-based organization that has established international standards across the supply chain so as to introduce practices that are responsible socially, environmentally, and ethically in a transparent manner (Cohen, 2013). The movement of ethical jewelery is pervasive as it affects the method of production and

Gullivers Travels Essay Example for Free

Gullivers Travels Essay Ten days after returning from his previous voyage, Gulliver is confronted by Captain William Robinson to work as his journey to the West Indies. The doubled salary is cause enough for Gulliver to accept the invitation and sets sail two month after the invitation. Upon arriving in Tonquin, Gulliver is appointed Captain of a sloop (a small sailboat with one mast and two sails) and ordered to transport goods; he is shortly captured by pirates. He earns his crews freedom but his attitude lands him on a small boat with limited food. He soon finds a few isles and decides to stay in the cave of a seemingly barren island—except for a few shrub patches. After some keen observation, Gulliver notices something strange obstructing the sunlight and deduces it must be a floating island. He tries to be noticed but the inhabitants seem to give little regard for his shouting. Eventually, the floating mass draws near and from it, descends a seat that Gulliver is instructed to mount. He is then drawn up into the Island. Gulliver is welcome by many people, whom he noticed to be very strange. Their eyes look in different directions and their heads do not sit level upon their heads. In addition, he takes note of their attires, which are covered with â€Å"celestial bodies and musical instruments. † People also have a servant who follows them and carries a â€Å"flapper. † This is essentially a mace, but with a soft sac on the end. The servant’s use it to slap their masters’ mouth or ear with the intent of alerting them that it is their turn to speak or listen while in conversation. After meeting with the King, Gulliver is appointed a language tutor. Shortly after his first lesson, Gulliver notices the island to move over villages, during which, subjects collect monies from the people below. In addition, he learns that the people value mathematics and music above all. (Because of this, their language is primarily based on the sciences stated previously. ) Their skill sets are limited to these two disciplines, as well as astrology. There are also in constant fear of an apocalyptic demise, resulting from an ever incumbent meteor. After a months stay, Gulliver is learned enough to speak to the King. Gulliver is now informed by the Prince, (one of the few free thinking individuals) of the dimensions and working of the Island. He is most intrigued by the motion of the Island and how it manages to stay afloat. It is explained to him that the most experienced astronomers figured that by mounting and manipulating a great magnet in the center of their island, they are able to float and move in any direction at will. However, the island is only able to move over a specific area on earth because of the specific magnetic forces required to maintain their desired altitude. Gulliver also learns how the Island is able to rule over the inhabitants of the land below. This is done mainly through varying degrees of punishments. Essentially, Laputa uses its size and position to, block out the sun, bombard the villagers, or, simply crush the village by means of ‘dropping’ the island. Gulliver then learns of a rebellious village, with capabilities to ‘capture’ the island and kill the King. In order to maintain peace and save himself, the King has granted freedom to these people. From that instance, the King and his family are restricted from leaving the Isle. Gulliver’s boredom leads him to want to leave the Island. He approaches a lord who seems to be genuinely intelligent and curious. (An oddity on Laputa) The lord lacks musical talent and is therefore regarded as unintelligent by the inhabitants. With the help of this lord, Gulliver proceeds in petitioning the King to leave Laputa. The King accepts and proceeds in leaving Gulliver with a friend of Laputa in a place called Balnibarbi. The man whom he is left with goes by the Lord Munodi. He is of high rank and possesses great wealth. The Lord proceeds to take Gulliver around the city of Lagado. It is of great surprise to Gulliver that the city is in shambles, the people are poorly dressed, and the ground is barren. They then proceed to the lord’s estate and it is evident of the stark contrast between the city and the estate. It is well built, well managed, and has fertile vineyards, as well as cornfields, fountains and meadows. The villagers do not have high esteem for this estate and do not strive to exemplify it—rather the opposite. Gulliver is then informed that, after a visit to Laputa by some if the city’s inhabitants, they decided to construct the Academy of Laguda. The sole purpose of this Academy is to develop new agricultural and architectural techniques. The new techniques are very flawed and extremely outlandish and have left the city in its current in its current state. The techniques are supported by so many mindless individual that they allowed for the destruction of the mill. Gulliver is very curious to the details of the projects that the Academy is working, so much so, that he decides to visit. Gulliver is allowed to visit the Academy. He takes careful note of the ongoing projects. First he sees a man attempting to use cucumbers as sun storage devices. He then witnesses a scientist attempting to turn feces into food. Another researcher attempts to turn ice in gunpowder and is fully invested into the idea of the â€Å"malleability of fire. † Gulliver travels throughout the Academy and witnesses many more experiments. There are blind paint mixers who are under the impression that they can smell color. There is even a scientist who is under the impression that his random word generator is capable of writing books on any topic. A linguist is under the impression that speaking is a waste of life and every breath used to speak brings people closer to death. He proposed everyone be mute and simply act out the message they wish to convey. Lastly, Gulliver witnesses a professor attempt to teach mathematics by writing equations onto wafers and feeding them to his students. Part III: Chapter 6 Gulliver is still at the academy and proceeds to visit professors who are dealing with politics and government. They propose that taxation of women be based upon their physical attributes and relative beauty. Other claims that to uncover conspiracies, they should search through the feces of the citizens. They even propose kicking and pinching the politicians to make them ‘less forgetful. ’ After witnessing the propositions and experiments of many, Gulliver concludes that there is nothing here that he could benefit from and wishes to leave. Gulliver wishes to travel to Luggnagg but cannot find a vassal to take him. Not wanting to stay in Lagado any longer, he decided to travel to Glubbdubdrib. He is able to deduce that the Isle is inhabited by people capable of doing magic. Upon his arrival, Gulliver requests an audience with the King—he is granted his wish. Gulliver then witnesses people simply disappearing and reappearing and ghosts serving food. He is initially surprised and startled by these events but becomes accustomed to them. He even goes so far to request the King to appease his personal requests. The King willfully satisfies Gulliver’s requests to speak the dead. He speaks to many prominent historical figures such as: Hannibal, Caesar, Pompey, Brutus, Junius, Socrates, Epaminondas, Cato, and Sir Thomas More. He converses with them and learns that history is not as it seems and that often, it is glorified in order to cover up the embarrassing truth.   Still in the company of the King, Gulliver continues to talk to the reincarnations of prominent historical figures. He observes how Homer and Aristotle carry themselves and even goes as far to point out their mistakes; mistakes that they accept without any aggression toward Gulliver for doing so. He then proceeds to interrogate the more modern rulers and is disappointed to learn that they have not been honest with their subjects as they should have. He also calls upon simple ‘less developed’ English ancestors, whom he finds remarkable large and of good stature. He concludes that the Nobles have diminished the physical strength that the English were once blessed with. Part III: Chapter 9 Gulliver returns to Luggnagg in disguise. He only wished to return to his beloved mother country—the Kingdom of England. His shipmates confess to the officials that a stranger is aboard, resulting in his capture, interrogation and confinement. The King has heard of Gulliver’s adventures and wishes to speak to him. Gulliver is then informed that, all of the Kings visitors are required to lick the floor as they enter the Kings room. Because Gulliver was a guest, the floor was cleaned very well, but on occasion, it is sprinkled with poison to kill the Kings enemies. Because of his vast knowledge of foreign places, the King grows to favor Gulliver and treats him very well. Gulliver is ‘invited’ to stay for an additional three months—he is obedient.   While in the company of the Luggnaggs’, Gulliver is told of an immortal people. These people are marked by a spot on their forehead and are called the Struldbrugs. Gulliver fantasizes how he would live his life if he were immortal. He concludes that he would study all arts and sciences and learn to acquire riches. Gulliver ponders the topic even further and postulates that he would ‘reasonably expect’ to be the â€Å"wealthiest man in the kingdom. † After being exposed to these individuals, he learns that they live forever, but are not young forever. This is a tragic flaw and the government actually considers them dead after the age of eighty. He also learns that they grow to be saddened and to live a life with neither joy, nor love. All of their marriages eventually become dissolved and they despise all mortals, most likely out of envy. As he learned of these people and about their true state, Gulliver regretted wishing that he could be immortal. Part III: Chapter 11 After spending ample time in Luggnagg, Gulliver is eventually allowed to leave. He is finally able to find a vassal to take him to Japan, with hopes of continuing on to England. Upon arrival, Gulliver had again; found himself in an uncomfortable situation. He eventually finds a Dutch ship travelling to England. The captain agrees to take him, as long as Gulliver provides works as a surgeon for half the usual rate. By blending in as a Dutchman, Gulliver is able to satisfy the Emperors requirements. He is then excused from the ritual stomping of the cross. They are now free and continue to Amsterdam, from where Gulliver is able to find passage to England. Upon arrival he goes immediately home to his healthy family.

My love :: essays research papers

She sat across from me in Algebra class. In terms of appearance, I always compared the two of us as complete opposites. There I sat; a dark-haired, tan-skinned, green-eyed, arm-scarred, large, short-haired, tall, rather awake and attentive child whose only noticeable feature was his strong chin. I didn't even mention the bags under my eyes so bad, it looked as if they were packed and ready for vacation. She had a light complexion with freckles just above the bridge of her nose and below her eyes. Her eyes were robin's egg blue and her lips were a beautiful dark crimson red that stood out, but didn't scream for attention. Her lips were thin, like her. The hair that she had was red with dark blond streaks. She didn't have a scar on her. The bags under her eyes were non-existent. However, she liked to sleep in class. This made the beauty of her face covered by her long hair and the wonder that were her eyes covered by her eyelids. I would always look at her eyes. I peered in the hopes that she wouldn't see me each time I looked. Maybe I wanted her to see me. Catch me lost and swimming in her eyes. Although, no matter how much I looked at them, all I ever got back in return was my reflection. Her windows were like those of a limo - she could see out but you could not see in. This taught me the lesson that here eyes were strictly aesthetic. It was too bad that she liked to sleep. It never gave me much time to gaze at her eyes. Of course I saw her in other classes throughout the day, but I never got a view like the one in Algebra 3-4. In fact, Algebra 3-4 became the highlight of the day. There would be so many schooldays where the only thing, the only hope, getting me through the day was the opportunity to just look upon her face. It got me through almost anything at times. I wasn't obsessive, nor in a mentally grotesque state at that time. I knew my fondness for her was high, but it was pure. My thought of this was validated by how I knew what kind of a person she was on the inside. The leaves fell off the trees and turned brown, signaling the arrival of autumn.

Poetry & art Essay

Poetry is a form of art. Though I want to be an Economics Major in the University of Penn, I am a young aficionado of poetry and prose at heart. I would love to develop my skills through a disciplined and distinguished writing program and Penn’s School of Arts and Sciences offers to cater my aspirations. Believing that one must be a great reader before becoming a great writer, I indulge into books of every genre to harvest more knowledge. Literature brings out in me an overwhelming joy and I wish to carry my fondness for reading and writing into my college majors. The uniqueness cultivated by Penn’s English Department is perceptible by the de facto of education, wherein the emphasis is on creative writing. Through this facet of the University, I want to channel my passion for poetry into academia. As a Founder and President of our school’s Poetry Club, if accepted, I plan to visit the Kelly Writers House religiously, and satisfy my perpetual craving for literature. I can picture myself grabbing a turkey-and-cheese sandwich, without mayonnaise, at the 1920 Commons, and rushing off to the Kelly Writers House, carrying an armful of books by Maya Angelou and Eric Schlosser. Gathered in a close circle of chairs, my fellow literature lovers and I share professional works, with our own daring lines of free verses, swap suggestions, compliments, and light-hearted laughs. During these workshops, my very soul seeps steadily through an invisible tube from brain to ballpoint, the not-so-simple phenomenon of input-output fabricating ink on paper, a painting made of letters. On my way to a morning class on modern American poetry, I pass Oldenberg’s famed Split Button and acknowledge Mr. Franklin, sitting upright in his chair. After the lecture, Professor Josephine Park and I conduct research by analyzing the influence of conflicts between America and East-Asia. Being in the Penn family, I converse with colleagues, sisters and brothers that destiny lacked to give. I tutor secondary school students about reading and writing through the outreach program. Having been featured in a myriad of written works and publishing my own collections, I roll up my sleeves and organize literary pieces in the weekly undergraduate magazine, First Call. As the evening sinks, I bike to the Van Pelt Library, sit cross-legged in my favorite armchair and finalize the touches on a Second World War paper. Traveling to the other parts of the City of Brotherly Love, I gather up with study group friends for our fine dinner. When I reach home, my roommate chatters about the highlights of her day. I then read an article from The Daily Pennsylvanian. Turning off the lights and setting my alarm clock for 6:00 am, I drape my jogging shorts and shirt on a chair for the morning. Before drifting off to sleep, I reminisce those final months when I submitted my application to Penn and smile in the quietness of my room, happy to be here at last.

The goal of the present paper is to discuss the different and shared properties

The goal of the present paper is to discuss the different and shared properties of photography and film with reference to the use of photographs in the film Paris qui dort (also known as Le rayon de la mort in France, and Paris asleep or The crazy ray internationally) by Renà © Clair (shot in 1923, the premier in France took place in 1925, in the United States – in 1926).Anne Friedberg once characterised this particular movie as â€Å"a narrative built around the shift from photography to film.†[1]   This quote indicates a channel for the discourse on the topic, how the French filmmaker synthesised photographic and cinematographic means to create a complex visual tissue.To remind the plot of this earlier example of cinematic science fiction, the main hero of the film called Albert (Henri Rollan), who is the watchman at the Eiffel Tower, awakens one perfect day to discover that the whole city of Paris has been fallen asleep. While he strolls down the streets of the bu siest European metropolis, the character observes people having been paralysed in their routine affairs. During his journey Albert meets five persons who have just arrived to Paris by airplane: Hesta (Madeleine Rodrigue), a self-made young traveller, a multi-millionaire who came to visit his bride (Antoine Stacquet), a hook and a police detective (Marcel Vallà ©e and Louis Prà © Fils), and a pilot (Albert Prà ©jean).These six occasional fellows in misery spend the night on the top of the Eiffel Tower and swoop into the city the next day to amuse themselves at their best.Having returned back to their shelter with precious loot, Albert and company catch the SOS-signal on the radio. In result of a purposeful search, the adventurers arrive at the cellar laboratory of Dr. Crase, a talented yet frenzied scientist (Charles Martinelli). Miss Crase, the professor's niece and assistant, meets the newcomers and tells them an interesting story.It appears that Dr. Crase has invented a wonderf ul machine that could arrest time by its rays. When the scientist tested his invention, all the six heroes enjoying the moment â€Å"happened to be, at three twenty-five, the moment of immobilization, at an altitude beyond its reach.†[2] Dr Crase was talented enough to design the formula for freezing the course of life but forgot to devise an antidote. Upon persuasion, he corrects his mistake, and Paris is permitted to return back to the usual mode of life.The members of the warm company separate from each other. Albert finds himself accompanying Miss Crase. The young man likes the girl and decides to see her back to her place but finds no cash to pay for the cab. He decides to immobilise the city one more time to stock up on money for the rest of his life. Albert rushes to Dr. Crase’s laboratory and struggles with the professor over the machine’s levy. Depending on their movements, the life in Paris is either set still or resumed in mobility. The battle ends up with an explosion.The heroes of the movie try to explain to the police what has happened. Nobody believes them so far as the rest of the Parisians, who have fallen asleep, do not remember the period of immobilisation. Finally, Albert is almost persuaded that Dr. Crase and his invention have been just his nightmares. However, upon return to the Eiffel Tower hand-in-hand with Miss Crase, the hero finds a diamond ring in the aperture between the girders. It was one of the trophies that the merry gang brought from the journey across the frozen city. The ring makes Albert believe once again in the existence of immobilising rays.[3]Before deciphering Friedberg’s idea about Clair having synthesised the performative possibilities of photography and cinematography, and before sharing some original ideas, the author feels obliged to analyse the technical and cultural backgrounds of these two interrelated media.Researchers started investigating the semiotic value of photography as the precedent to cinematography as early as in the mid-19th century. At the dawn of invention, photography was perceived as a technique to make light â€Å"exert an action †¦ sufficient to cause changes in material bodies.†[4] The idea was expressed by Fox Talbot in a book The pencil of nature, published in 1844. Rosalind Krauss chose the treatise as a field for analysis to discuss a dynamics of symbolic complexity associated with photography throughout its development. Her discourse is especially interesting so far as it explores the earlier metaphysical values ascribed to photography in the 1840s and the most recent semiological explanations of this art.To summarise the section of Krauss’ article dealing with the earlier representations of photography, the latter was perceived as a complex phenomenon existing both at the physical and metaphysical layers. On the one hand, it was often compared to â€Å"the footprint that is left on sand.†[5]To put it different ly, a well-known light spectrum was refracted inside a photographic camera so that the representations of people and other animate and inanimate objects were imprinted on the plates and photographic paper. On the other hand, Talbot and his contemporaries were intrigued by â€Å"certain invisible rays† which let â€Å"the eye of the camera †¦ see plainly where the human eye would find nothing but darkness.†[6][1] A. Friedberg, Window shopping: cinema and the postmodern, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, USA, University of California Press, 1993, p. 102. [2] Miss Crase’s words, cited in A. Michelson, Dr. Crase and Mr. Clair, October, 11: Winter, 1979: p. 34. [3] A detailed summary of the movie plot is provided by Michelson, pp. 33-34. [4] W. Fox Talbot, The pencil of nature, facsimile edition, New York, Da Capo Press, 1969, introduction, n.p., cited in R. Krauss, Tracing Nadar, Photography, 5: Oct. 1978: p. 39. [5] Krauss, Tracing Nadar, p. 33. [6] Talbot, cited in Krauss, Tracing Nadar, p. 41.

The Shakedown in Ukraine essays

The Shakedown in Ukraine essays Bureaucrats of the Ukraine Tax Authority (UAT) Special Audits Department visit the Kiev-based offices of Customer Strategy Solutions and state that the company has failed to file five specific forms with the government. The fine for this equivalent to $16,000 and is payable to the Special Audits Department of the UAT. Kostya Hnatyuk, who runs the Customer Strategy Solutions software development center in Kiev gets the news and immediately calls Pavlo Zhuk, founder and entrepreneur of the company. The case study then progresses to Mr. Zhuk flying from Palo Alto to Kiev to meet with Kostya Hnatyuk to get the issue resolved. Previous situations including the payment of $5,000 to Dnipro Telecom to expedite the installation of telephone service illustrate how pervasive graft is in Ukraine. The case study presents Mr. Zhuk as seeing himself as a force for positive change in Kiev, and looks to bring additional employment there. His practice of paying his programmers double the going ra te, or $12,000 a year there, is no doubt attracting much attention in a country whose economy is weak due to so much graft and corruption. The most pressing issue is how corrupt the Ukraine is, and how pervasive it is, where Mr. Zhuk and his team encounter requests for bribes from the telephone company to the local tax authority. Studies indicate that there are approximately 1,300 bureaucrats who actively solicit and take bribes throughout this part of the world (Miller, 2006). Entering such a corrupt region of the world and not expecting to be impacted by it is naive on the part of the companys founders. Second, the payment of the telecom bribe sets a dangerous precedent for future transactions and may have already led to the company breaking international laws. Deciding to have their accountant back in Palo Alto figure out how to hide it is a slippery slope. Third, the issue of whether to pay the ...

Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Industrial Revolution - Essay Example The success of the whole process depended on the ability to access products and services readily and the reduction of time wastage because of increased accessibility (Kiely, 2003, p. 56). Increased product and service visibility is directly linked with improve livelihoods because it reduces the amount of time and allow citizens to solve issues faster than before the revolution. Actually, industrial revolution simplified the living condition and improved the status of American citizens. As the focus changed from subsistence production to commercial production, several changes occurred and affected the citizens positively. The increase in competition led to drive to change the production methods and need for expansion due to increasing demand. Therefore, industrialization led to change in transportation and technology (Kiely, 2003, p. 57). New production systems were invented in order to reduce cost of production and increase the number of units produced. Consequently, the infrastructure was upgraded in order to improve connection between suppliers and consumers. The change was effective because it improved the citizen’s access to cities and essential products and services. The development of highways, canals, and turnpikes improved connection in the society which affected the society positively. Industrial revolution led to increased job creation within the society thereby increasing per capita earning of the country. The development of factories as a result of increased competition and revolution was in tandem with the demand for labor. The demand for labor created an opportunity for American citizens to get employment in the companies (Kiely, 2003, p. 89). The demand for labour attracted immigrants which led to more immigrants crossing the border in search for jobs. The entry of immigrants changed the countries perspective and led to the development of new approaches in the society including integration of different cultures and production systems. The immigrants shaped the landscape of the country by improving the understanding of the rights of the citizens and outsiders. In fact, the immigration led to awareness on human rights infringement and the need to develop the bill of rights. Therefore, it led to improved societal awareness. Challenges of the industrial revolutio n Despite the positives associated with the industrial revolution, it also brought several challenges as a result of change in population and production. One main issue highlighted by environmentalist is environmental damage as a result of the increased damage. During the industrialization era, few rules existed that protected the environment. In fact, there was no guidance in relation to environmental protection. As a result, companies polluted the environment seriously. The most affected sector was air because of the use of coal, wood and fossil fuel in the production process (Kiely,

Midterm assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm - Assignment Example They are the key elements that lead to so much variation in the physical and chemical conditions of different habitats. Temperature: It is one of the most relevant environmental factors controlling the type of organism that the ecosystem will support. The average temperature on land varies seasonally, decreases progressively from the equator towards the poles and from plains to the mountain tops. Temperature plays a very significant role in the metabolism and survival of the organisms. Water: Next to temperature, water is the most important factor influencing the life of organisms. The productivity and distribution of plants is also heavily dependent on water. For example, in deserts where water availability is very limited, only organisms with special adaptations to conserve water alone will be able to survive. Light: Sunlight is the main source of energy for the ecosystem and for the process of photosynthesis, by which plants produce food, can take place only in the presence of sun light. For many animals too, light is important in that they use the diurnal and seasonal variations in light intensity and duration (photoperiod) as cues for timing their foraging, reproductive and migratory activities. Biotic Factors The biotic components include all living organisms like plants, animals, fungi and bacteria of the ecosystem. The biotic components including the pathogens, parasites, predators and competitors – of the organism interact constantly with the abiotic factors of the environment for their survival. The biotic components modify their responses to changes in abiotic factors and maintain the balance of the ecosystem. 2. What is ecosystem function - in other words how does an ecosystem work? Ans. The components of the ecosystem are seen to function as a unit through the following aspects: (i) Productivity (ii) Decomposition (iii) Energy flow; and (iv) Nutrient cycling. The green plants known as the Producers or autotrophs trap the solar energy and conv ert simple inorganic materials into complex organic compounds or food. All animals depend on plants (directly or indirectly) for their food needs. They are hence called consumers or heterotrophs. The interdependency of organism for the requirement of food leads to food chain or food web. Based on the source of their nutrition or food, organisms occupy a specific place in the food chain that is known as their trophic level. The solar energy captured by plants flows through different organisms or different trophic levels of an ecosystem. The Organisms at each trophic level depend on those at the lower trophic level for their energy demands. When any organism dies it is converted to detritus or dead biomass that serves as an energy source for decomposers. Decomposers secrete digestive enzymes that breakdown dead and waste materials into simple, inorganic materials, which are subsequently absorbed by them. 3. Use the Diablo Range as an example of an intact ecosystem – Describe th e Diablo Range's abiotic and biotic components (including the Diablo Range location, topography, climate, plant communities, mammals & other organisms found there). Give details for each! Ans. Diablo mountain range is a classical example of an intact ecosystem. It is located in the eastern San Francisco Bay area south to the Salinas Valley area of northern California, the United