SHORT BIOGRAPHY HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SHORT BIOGRAPHY HISTORY - Essay Example Moreover, living close to the outskirts more likely than not highlighted his â€Å"difference† from the predominant white class. In any case, it may be the case that in view of his distinction that he delighted in life from another viewpoint. In â€Å"The Secret Lion,† Rã ­os shows that human instinct and nature supported his scholarly person, social, and enthusiastic improvement as a biracial juvenile. Human nature’s propensity to look for opportunity and opportunity ruled Rã ­os’ high school life. At the point when he and his companion Sergio found a â€Å"cannonball,† they considered it a â€Å"lion† (Rã ­os standard. 1). The title says it is a mystery lion, since they told nobody of this â€Å"treasure† that they found. This lion speaks to opportunity and openings. It permitted Alberto and Sergio the opportunity to claim something nobody can detract from them. Being twelve years of age, they realize that grown-ups will just seize their disclosure. Rã ­os says: â€Å"That’s the manner in which it works with little kids†¦Junior high children too† (6). Grown-ups are appeared as criminals of guiltless satisfaction. It is up to Alberto to utilize his human instinct to ensure what he believes is his. So they take this gun ball and shroud it and never educate anybody regarding it, particularly grown-ups. The â€Å"lion† li kewise represents something supernaturally solid and great. Having this ball in their ownership offers them the chance to feel something â€Å"perfect† in their lives. It is round and thusly â€Å"perfect and it spreads flawlessness to its viewers (5). It is â€Å"heavy† and they feel its significance. In the event that they have something significant, at that point they also are significant. They don't need to feel littler, as certain minorities do in predominant white societies. They can be round and great; they can be uncommon like this lion. When Alberto says that this ball transformed them, he infers that it made them â€Å"roar† (1). They have discovered an image of strengthening. A gun ball detonates. It has dormant force that is holding on to be discharged. Alberto more likely than not felt this lion is him

Television industry is experiencing significant growth Essay Example

Media business is encountering noteworthy development Paper Digital TV OPERATORS. NTL bunch ltd. NTL bunch gives media transmission and TV administrations, including phone, digital TV and web get to. Its system scopes to half of the UK families. NTL is the main organization to give intuitive TV administrations which incorporates offering shopping, banking, gaming and entrainment offices. Telewest Communications Plc. Telewest is the second biggest broadband interchanges and media bunch in the UK, giving digital TV, communication and Internet access to around 1. 8 million homes. Flextech Telewests content division is the biggest supplier of fundamental stations to the UK pay TV showcase. In May 2002 Telewest presented upgraded TV programming in time for prominent occasions, related to BBC and Channel 4. During the BBCs inclusion of the World Cup, Telewest clients had the option to appreciate various new intelligent highlights, including a decision of video streams and the capacity to tune in to the typical editorial, the group or the Radio 5 live. Isle of Wight Cable and Telephone Company Ltd. Isle of Wight Cable and Telephone Company is the littlest of the UKs link administrators. We will compose a custom exposition test on Television industry is encountering noteworthy development explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Television industry is encountering huge development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Television industry is encountering noteworthy development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It just utilizes 65 individuals and has a constrained region of activity: the Isle of Wight. The UK digital TV administrators SWOT examination. Both NTL and Telewest, being engaged with a similar sort of TV content circulation, share much for all intents and purpose in their SWOT investigation. Along these lines the investigation underneath speaks to the absolute digital TV section of the UK broadcast business. Qualities: The primary quality of the UK TV industry link administrators is the flexibility of administrations they offer, including phone, home banking, video on request, quick web associations. They have more prominent opportunities for intelligent TV, contrasting and BSkyB. Another significant quality of the link administrators is that they transmit quality pictures and offer a wide decision of programming. The later anyway is still not as much as that of BSkyB. With digital TV supplier you dont need to put a satellite dish on you divider. Shortcomings: One central point constraining the development of digital TV in the UK is the more noteworthy development expenses of the framework: in the UK link must be laid underground and the expenses of this are high (Martin 2000 p. 35-36). Link administrators have almost no programming of their own. They for the most part depend on the programming gave by BSkyB and need to pay for the entrance to it. The high development costs and the reliance on BSkyB for programming add to the more significant level of costs of link administrators, contrasting with the satellite assistance. The UK link organizations have constrained prospects in rivalry with BSkyB. As per Cable and Broadcasting Act 1984 link administrators not permitted to acquire restrictive rights to certain significant national games (Martin 2000, 35-36). Openings: As new administrations, for example, video on request, media and quick web associations become a reality the adaptability of the fiber-optic link systems will turn out to be progressively significant. The satellite and earthly supporters will stay dependant on old copper-wire phone innovation for intuitiveness. As a rule BT will be going about as guard (Key Note 2002). Promoting, as a wellspring of benefit, havent been abused so far by the link administrators, as they have constrained programming. Building up their own substance implies another wellspring of benefit for link administrators. In addition they can utilize the time dispensed to them by most program providers (aprox. 2 minutes out of each hour). A merger among Granada and Carlton presents more opportunities for participation between the UK content suppliers and Cable administrators, as the two sections have been unequivocally dependent on one another for the substance and stations of dissemination. This collaboration will invigorate the organizations more to withstand the satellite TV rivalry and extend in the market. Dangers: The money related wellbeing of the link administrators is questionable. Their net obligations are about I 20bn. As indicated by the data, gave by Key Note (2002), link administrators get half percent of their incomes from phone charges. These are, be that as it may. diminishing because of requirements by Oftel (the broadcast communications controller). This may introduce new money related troubles to the link administrators. The UK computerized earthly TV administrators SWOT examination. The UK DTT administrators incorporate BBC, Channel Four, Five and ITV. The primary proprietors of ITV are Granada and Carlton. The present merger among Granada and Carlton, will bring about another organization ITV plc. Every one of these organizations are vertically coordinated, which implies that they are both the suppliers of substance and its merchants. Anyway with the improvement of satellite and digital TV, their job as wholesalers of substance gets constrained, as DTT turns out to be less and less mainstream. These organizations presently disseminate their substance through satellite and link administrators. They assume an increasingly significant job as substance suppliers now. Data on these organizations can be found in The UK TV content suppliers area of this report. BBCs benefit originates from the permit expense. Other allowed to-air administrators get their benefit from promoting. Qualities: DTT is an allowed to-air administration, which implies that you dont need to purchase all the gear, fundamental for accepting link and satellite assistance. DTT administration is less expensive than that of satellite and link administrators. Shortcomings: Problems with gathering might be experienced by endorsers of the DTT administration. There is a constrained measure of programming on DTT administration, contrasting with that of link and satellite administrators. There are solid specialized confinements for presenting intuitive TV. Despite the fact that DTT administration is less expensive, than that of satellite and link supporters, the thing that matters isn't huge. Month to month permit expense is around I 9. 7. For just I 12. 50 every month you can buy in for BSkyB bundle, which incorporates 102 channels, including exactly 90 allowed to-air channels. This bundle will likewise offer some intelligent administrations and a great picture. Openings: The main open door for DTT is the augmentation of market. Yet, it is suspicious that the advanced earthbound TV will have the option to withstand the opposition from link and satellite administrators, because of the shortcomings, portrayed prior and the dangers (see next section). Dangers: The expanding ubiquity of intuitive administrations presents a major danger for DTT, as most supporters will go for BSkyB or NTL and Telewest bundles. The discontinuity of promoting market implies less publicizing incomes for Channel Four, Film Four, Five, and so on. The expanding rivalry from satellite and link administrators. The expanding quality and flexibility of the substance offered by the link and satellite administrators. The UK TV content suppliers. Channel Owner Share Sky One UK Gold Sky Sports 1 ITV 2 CBeeBies UK Style Sky Sports 2 Nickelodeon Hallmark Sky Premier 1 BSkyB UKTV+ BSkyB Carlton (44%), Granada (56%) BBC UKTV+ BSkyB (half), Viacom (half) Crown Entertainment Ltd. Sky 2. 8% 2. 5% 2. 1% 1. 8% 1. 2% 1. 2% 1. 0% 1. 0% 0. 9% 0. 9% Table 1. UK Multichannel TV: Most famous channels. Received from ITC the UK TV advertise outline September 2003. The biggest substance supplier in the UK broadcast business is at present BBC. The subsequent position is involved by Granada and the third via Carlton. The up and coming merger among Granada and Carlton will reshape the present circumstance in the UK TV content creation showcase. BBC and ITV plc. (the new consolidated organization) will possess about 65% of the complete turnover of the UK program gracefully showcase, with BBC and ITV plc. liable for around 40% and 25% separately. Sky is excluded here, as a lot of its substance is imported from the US. In any case, among the UK top ten stations on multichannel TV (satellite and link) the 2003 Sky involves 5 positions (see table 1). The British Broadcasting Company (BBC). BBC was the main organization to begin broadcasting in the UK. Today it gives a wide scope of projects and administrations. They incorporate TV, radio, national, nearby, childrens, instructive, language and different administrations for key intrigue gatherings. The BBC is financed by a TV permit paid by family units. It doesn't need to serve the interests of sponsors, or produce an arrival for investors. The yearly shading TV permit as of now costs I 116. The permit incorporates 8 national BBC TV stations. ITV plc. ITV plc. will be an aftereffect of the merger between Granada Media plc. what's more, Carlton Communications plc. As the merger havent been finished at this point, the data in this report is given on Granada and Carlton independently. Granada Media Plc. Granada Media envelops a scope of earthly and non-earthbound TV organizations, including Granada Television, 25% of GMTV, half London News Network, 10,8% stake in BSkyB, and so on. Granada Sky Broadcasting is the companys non-earthbound joint endeavor with BskyB, offering different channels as a component of the Sky multichannel bundle. Granada is a main ITV establishment holder, in front of Carlton interchanges. Carlton Communications Plc. Carlton is the second biggest ITV establishment holder, representing around 40% of salary in the business earthly area. It has interests in business allowed to-air and pay-TV content creation and media administrations. Carlton as of now communicates to 26

What Does Medication Tolerance Mean

What Does Medication Tolerance Mean Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print What Does Medication Tolerance Mean? By Michael Bihari, MD Michael Bihari, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician, health educator, and medical writer, and president emeritus of the Community Health Center of Cape Cod. Learn about our editorial policy Michael Bihari, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard Fogoros, MD on December 17, 2019 Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. He is Verywells Senior Medical Advisor. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard Fogoros, MD on December 17, 2019 Terry Vine / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Medication tolerance, or drug tolerance, occurs when the body gets used to a medication so that either more medication is needed to give the desired effect, or a different medication is needed. Depending on the drug, tolerance can develop acutely, in a manner of days, or chronically, over a number of weeks or months.?? There are several mechanisms behind tolerance, including changes in the metabolism of a drug, cellular changes, or behavioral effects. Tolerance is not always negative, and people may develop a tolerance to the side effects of a drug over time as well. Its important to understand that tolerance is not the same as dependence or addiction, but in the case of substances of misuse, such as some painkillers and alcohol, tolerance can predispose a person to these problems.?? What Is Drug Tolerance? Tolerance is defined as the diminishing effect of a medication following repeated administration at a certain dose. It is often a normal adaptive response to ingested drugs, as the body tries to maintain homeostasis or balance.?? The development of tolerance with a specific drug can vary between different people (there is a genetic influence); with other drugs a person is taking; and with underlying medical conditions that are present. Tolerance also develops at different rates for different effects of the drug. For example, with opioids, people may develop more tolerance to the euphoria caused by the drug than to the respiratory depression caused by the drug. Acute vs. Chronic Tolerance often develops chronically over many weeks but can occur rapidly as well. Tachyphylaxis is the term used to describe the very rapid onset of tolerance, such as that seen after a single dose with cocaine or LSD. Tachyphylaxis also often occurs with antidepressant medications.?? Effects vs. Side Effects As noted above, tolerance may be a negative finding, such as when a drug loses effectiveness over time, but can also be positive, such as when tolerance develops to side effects such as nausea or fatigue. In the case of allergy shots (desensitization), its the development of tolerance thats responsible for the effectiveness of the treatment.?? In some cases, the opposite of tolerance occurs (sensitization), and a drug becomes more effective with repeated use. Tolerance vs. Resistance Resistance also differs from tolerance. With resistance (such as to antibiotics or cancer drugs), resistance develops because bacteria or cancer cells make substances that lead to the drug not working. Tolerance vs. Addiction vs. Dependence The differences between tolerance, dependence, and addiction are important. Many drugs that cause tolerance do have addictive potential, but becoming tolerant does not mean a person is addicted to the drug. Similarly, dependence is defined as the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is removed and may occur in the absence of tolerance or addiction.?? Mechanisms There are several different ways in which tolerance to a drug may develop:?? Pharmacodynamic Resistance: In pharmacodynamic, dispositional, or functional tolerance, changes at the cellular level leading to resistance. For example, binding of a drug to a particular receptor on the surface of cells (such as opioid receptors) may fail to cause the signals to be transmitted as in the past, or the body may produce fewer receptors on the surface of cells for the drug to bind with.Metabolic Tolerance: With this mechanism of tolerance, a drug may be broken down and cleared from the body before it reaches its site of action. For example, alcohol can induce the activity of liver enzymes that metabolize the drug.Behavioral or Learned Tolerance: In learned tolerance, people may become accustomed to the effect of a drug. For example, some people who are long-term drinkers can better hold their alcohol, even with the same blood concentration.Conditioned Tolerance: Environmental cues can also lead to tolerance. An example would be a person who routinely drinks at a bar havi ng better eye-hand coordination at the bar than he or she would have at home (after the same number of drinks). Examples of Medication Tolerance Medication tolerance is most often (but not always) related to drugs that affect your body’s brain and nervous system. A few examples include:?? Painkillers such as oxycodoneTranquilizers such as Valium (Diazepam)Over-the-counter sleep aids such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine) Management and Treatment How tolerance is managed depends on the particular drug, what it is being used for, and alternatives that are available. In some cases, increasing the dose may result in the drug working again (though it may also amplify tolerance at that dose).?? If a drug can be discontinued for some time, whats known as a drug holiday, it can often be restarted without tolerance (though tolerance may again occur in time). Tolerance and Cancer Treatment In some settings, such as terminal cancer, apparent tolerance to opioid medications is more often due to worsening cancer (tumor growth or new metastases) rather than tolerance to the drugs. When apparent tolerance occurs, its extremely important to rule out other potential causes of increased pain.?? Even when tolerance occurs, however, issues of possible dependence and addiction are of minor concern. While there is cross-tolerance between different opioids, this is often not complete, and changing to another drug in this class may be helpful. Many of these drugs can also be given at very high doses (there doesnt appear to be a ceiling or maximum dose), and, when increased gradually, there is less concern over problems such as respiratory depression. Tolerance and Substances of Misuse When a person first consumes a potential substance of misuse, be it alcohol, opioids or nicotine, the effects are more potent than they ever will be again. On repeated administration of this drug, a person needs larger and larger amounts to feel any desired effects thus setting up a vicious cycle of abuse, dependence, and withdrawal.  The phenomenon of needing more drugs to produce the desired effect is called tolerance.  ?? Cross-Over When a person becomes tolerant of a certain  central nervous system (CNS) depressant like alcohol, then this person usually becomes tolerant of other drugs of misuse like heroin.?? (Technically, opioids like heroin arent CNS depressants although they have depressant properties.) This phenomenon is called cross-tolerance. Dangers Tolerance can be particularly dangerous for several reasons. When tolerance develops to a different degree to different effects, the risk of overdose can be significant. This is a tragic problem with the opioid epidemic, as tolerance develops more quickly to the euphoric properties of these drugs than to the respiratory depressive properties.?? Switching between different medications in a category also raises the risk of complications. As noted, cross-over can vary, and people who switch off between drugs such as heroin, codeine, morphine, and others, may end up taking a higher dose than they had planned if there is less tolerance to the next drug. For those in recovery, tolerance can be dangerous in another way. Tolerance often decreases with time off of a drug. If a person who has been abstinent from the drug for a period of time resumes his previous level of use, a life-threatening overdose may occur.?? Finally, many abused substances are combined with other drugs for which physiological tolerance does not develop. For example, opioids may be combined with Tylenol (acetaminophen). While tolerance may develop to higher doses of the narcotic so that respiratory depression does not occur, an excess of Tylenol (even just a small excess) from products such as Vicodin (hydrocodone plus acetaminophen) could lead to liver failure. Differences in Tolerance and Susceptibility to Dependence Certain people exhibit a rapid acute tolerance or initial tolerance to a drug. These people may be at higher risk of drug dependence or substance misuse. What to Do If You Are Concerned About Tolerance If you feel that you may be experiencing tolerance to any substance of misuse, its extremely important to inform your physician and get help. Substance misuse and drug dependence can have terrible and deadly personal consequences for you, your loved ones and society as a whole. Please remember that there are health care professionals and support groups that specialize in drug treatment and are empathetic to your needs. Support in your region can be found by zip code in the  behavioral health treatment services locator hosted by the U.S. government.

A Study On Financial Performance Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3731 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? Kennedy and Muller, has explained that The analysis and interpretation of financial statements are an attempt to determine the significance and meaning of financial statements data so that the forecast may be made of the prospects for future earnings, ability to pay interest and debt maturines (both current and long term) and profitability and sound dividend policy. T.S.Reddy and Y. Hari Prasad Reddy (2009), have stated that The statement disclosing status of investments is known as balance sheet and the statement showing the result is known as profit and loss account. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Study On Financial Performance Example For Free" essay for you Create order Peeler J. Patsula (2006), he define that a sound business analysis tells others a lot about good sense and understanding of the difficulties that a company will face. We have to make sure that people know exactly how we arrived to the final financial positions. We have to show the calculation but we have to avoid anything that is too mathematical. A business performance analysis indicates the further growth and the expansion. It gives a physiological advantage to the employees and also a planning advantage. I.M.Pandey (2007), had stated that the financial statements contain information about the financial consequences and sources and uses of financial resources, one should be able to say whether the financial condition of a firm is good or bad; whether it is improving or deteriorating. One can relate the financial variables given in financial statements in a meaningful way which will suggest the actions which one may have to initiate to improve the firms financial condition. Jae K.Shim Joel G.Siegel (1999), had explained that the financial statement of an enterprise present the raw data of its assets, liabilities and equities in the balance sheet and its revenue and expenses in the income statement. Without subjecting these to data analysis, many fallacious conclusions might be drawn concerning the financial condition of the enterprise. Financial statement analysis is undertaken by creditors, investors and other financial statement users in order to determine the credit worthiness and earning potential of an entity. Susan Ward (2008), emphasis that financial analysis using ratios between key values help investors cope with the massive amount of numbers in company financial statements. For example, they can compute the percentage of net profit a company is generating on the funds it has deployed. All other things remaining the same, a company that earns a higher percentage of profit compared to other companies is a better investment option. Jonas Elmerraji (2005), tries to say that ratios can be an invaluable tool for making an investment decision. Even so, many new investors would rather leave their decisions to fate than 17 try to deal with the intimidation of financial ratios. The truth is that ratios arent that intimidating, even if you dont have a degree in business or finance. Using ratios to make informed decisions about an investment makes a lot of sense, once you know how use them. Chidambaram Rameshkumar Dr. N. Anbumani (2006), he argue that Ratio Analysis enables the business owner/manager to spot trends in a business and to compare its performance 16 and condition with the average performance of similar businesses in the same industry. To do this compare your ratios with the average of businesses similar to yours and compare your own ratios for several successive years, watching especially for any unfavorable trends that may be starting. Ratio analysis may provide the all-important early warning indications that allow you to solve your business problems before your business is destroyed by them. M Y Khan P K Jain (2011), have explained that the financial statements provide a summarized view of the financial position and operations of a firm. Therefore, much can be learnt about a firm from a careful examination of its financial statements as invaluable documents / performance reports. The analysis of financial statements is, thus, an important aid to financial analysis. Elizabeth Duncan and Elliott (2004), had stated that the paper in the title of efficiency, customer service and financing performance among Australian financial institutions showed that all financial performance measures as interest margin, return on assets, and capital adequacy are positively correlated with customer service quality scores. Carlos Correia (2007), had explained that any analysis of the firm, whether by management, investors, or other interested parties, must include an examination of the compan ys financial data. The most obvious and readily available source of this information is the firms annual report. The financial statements shall, in conformity with generally accepted accounting practice, fairly present the state of the affairs of the company and the results of operations for the financial year. Greninger et al. (1996), identified and refined financial ratios using a Delphi study in the areas of liquidity, savings, asset allocation, inflation protection, tax burden, housing expenses and, insolvency. Based on the Delphi findings, they proposed a profile of financial well-being for the typical family and individual. Rachchh Minaxi A (2011), have suggested that the financial statement analysis involves analyzing the financial statements to extract information that can facilitate decision making. It is the process of evaluating the relationship between component parts of the financial statements to obtain a better understanding of an entitys position and performanc e. Salmi, T. and T. Martikainen (1994), in his A review of the theoretical and empirical basis of financial ratio analysis, has suggested that A systematic framework of financial statement analysis along with the observed separate research trends might be useful for furthering the development of research. If the research results in financial ratio analysis are to be useful for the decision makers, the results must be theoretically consistent and empirically generalizable. John J.Wild, K.R.Subramanyam Robert F.Halsey (2006), have said that the financial statement analysis is the application of analytical tools and techniques to general-purpose financial statements and related data to derive estimates and inferences useful in business analysis. Financial statement analysis reduces reliance on hunches, guesses, and intuition for business decisions. It decreases the uncertainty of business analysis. Introduction 2.1 Financial Analysis The term analysis is methodical classification of data given in the financial statements. Financial analysis is the process of identifying the financial strength and weakness of tiles Finn by property establishing relationship between the item of balance sheet profit loss account. Financial analysis can be undertaken by the firm or by outside parties, firms owner, creditors, investors and other. Actually the nature of analysis depends upon the parties. According to Finney and Miller Financial analysis consists in separating facts according to some definite plan, arranging them in groups according to certain circumstances, and then presenting them in a convenient and easily read and understandable form. According to John N. Myres Financial statement analysis is largely a study of relationship among the various financial factors in a business, as disclosed by a single set of statements and a study of the trends of these factors, as shown in a series of statements. 2.2 Financial Statement A financial statement is an organized collection of data according to logical and consistent accounting procedures. Its purpose is to convey an understanding of some financial aspects of a business firm. It may show a position at a moment of time as in the case of a balance sheet, or may reveal a series of activities over a given period of time, as in the case of an income statement. Thus, the term financial statement generally refers to the basis statements; Balance sheet Income statement Cash flow statement Statement of change in equity Notes, comprising of a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes 2.2.1 Balance sheet The balance sheet is also called the statement of financial position. This statement accounted for the assets which the company controls and the ways these assets are financed. The balance sheet is based on the accounting equation: Assets= Liabilities + Equity 2.2.2 Income statement An income statement is also known as the statement of earnings. This statement measures the financial performance of a firm and indicates the flow of sales, expenses and earnings for a given period. 2.2.3 Cash flow statement This statement reports on the cash receipt and cash paid that is the cash inflow and outflow separately for operating, investing and financing activities. Similarly, only actual cash inflows and outflows from cash items is reported in the statement. 2.2.4 Statement of change in equity This statement is useful as it reports the changes in equity during a company financial year. The statement gives a detail of the balance at the beginning and explained the changes that occurred during the year. 2.2.5 Notes Here information concerning the preparation and the specific accounting policies adopted in the financial statement are provided. Therefore it provides additional information which does not appear in the financial statement but is important for a fair presentation. 2.3 Users of financial statements Financial statements are used by a diverse group of parties, both inside and outside a business. Generally, these users are: Internal Users: are owners, managers, employees and other parties who are directly connected with a company. Owners and managers require financial statements to make important business decisions that affect its continued operations. Financial analysis are then performed on these statements to provide management with a more detailed understanding of the figures. These statements are also used as part of managements report to its stockholders, as it form part of its Annual Report. Employees also need these reports in making collective bargaining agreements (CBA) with the management, in the case of labor unions or for individuals in discussing their compensation, promotion and rankings. External Users: are potential investors, banks, government agencies and other parties who are outside the business but need financial information about the business f or a diverse number of reasons. Prospective investors make use of financial statements to assess the viability of investing in a business. Financial analysis are often used by investors and is prepared by professionals (Financial Analysts), thus providing them with the basis in making investment decisions. Financial institutions (banks and other lending companies) use them to decide whether to grant a company with fresh working capital or extend debt securities (such as a long-term bank loan or debentures) to finance expansion and other significant expenditures. Government entities (Tax Authorities) need financial statements to ascertain the propriety and accuracy of taxes and other duties declared and paid by a company. Media and the general public are also interested in financial statements for a variety of reasons 2.4 Purpose of financial analysis The purpose of analysis of financial statements depends upon the need of a person who analysis these statements. These needs may be:- To know the earning capacity or profitability. To know the solvency. To know the financial strength. To make comparative study with other firms. To know the capability of payment of interest dividend. To know the trend of business. 2.5 Significance or importance of financial analysis Significance for Managers;- Planning and Control are the two most important ingredients to a Successful Business. A Business Plan takes most of the guess work out of Business Strategy and Control through solid financial analysis. Financial Data provides a way to gauge where you are in your Strategic Plan, telling you where changes in your Plan are necessary. Because of this, Financial Data Analysis and Management are vitally important to running a successful business. Significance for Investors:- Investors are generally considered one of the primary users of financial statements. They use the financial statements to determine the current profitability of the firm and attempt to predict its future profitability. Their interest is in the future growth of a companys stock price and/or the likelihood of the company paying dividends to the owner. Significance for Creditors:- In the ongoing relationship between suppliers and a firms financial statement can play several roles consider the relationship between a firm and the suppliers to its loan capital. e.g a bank in the initial loan granting stage of the relationship, financial statement typically are an important items. Significance for regulatory agency:- The demand by these bodies can arise in diverse set of areas such as revenue raising e.g for income tax, sales tax, value added tax collection. Govt. intervention e.g determines whether to provide a govt. backed loan agreement to a financially distressed firm. Significance for Employees:- They are the part of the organization and feel that their effort contributed to the firm profit they would there for prefers to give bonuses and salary increase this also increase expenses of the firm. Significance for others parties:- The set of party that demand for financial analysis information of corporation is open ended. Diverse party such as academic, environmental protection organization, and other special interest lobbying groups approach cooperation for detail relating to their financial and other affairs. Significance for Government :- Various ministries and department have interest in the firms payments of taxes. Also sees the enactment of law for the industry and the provision of social service to the public. The govt. may also want to ensure that the firm complies with the law on for example wages payments and employees benefit. 2.6 Types of Financial Analysis Different types of financial statements analysis can be made on the basis of: According to the nature of the analyst and the material used by him. On this basis, the financial analysis can be external and internal analysis: External Analysis: It is made by those persons who are not connected with the enterprise. They do not have access to the enterprise. They do not have access to the detailed record of the company and have to depend mostly on published Statements. Such type of analysis is made by investors, credit agencies, governmental agencies and research scholars. Internal Analysis: The internal analysis is made by those persons who have access to the books of accounts. They are members of the organization. Analysis of financial statements or other financial data for managerial purpose is the internal type of analysis. The internal analyst can give more reliable result than the external analyst because every type of information is at his disposal. According to the objectives of the analysis. On this basis the analysis can be long-term and short-term analysis. Long-term Analysis: This analysis is made in order to study the long-term financial stability, solvency and liquidity as well as profitability and earning capacity of a business concern. The purpose of making such type of analysis is to know whether in the long-run the concern will be able to earn a minimum amount which will be sufficient to maintain a reasonable rate of return on the investment so as to provide the funds required for modernization, growth and development of the business and to meet its costs of capital. Short-term Analysis: This is made to determine the short-term solvency, stability and liquidity as well as earning capacity of the business. The purpose of this analysis is to know whether in the short run a business concern will have adequate funds of readily available to meet its short-term requirements and sufficient borrowing capacity to meet contingencies in the near future. This analys is is made with reference to items of current assets and current liabilities (working capital analysis). According to the modus operandi of the analysis. On this basis, the analysis may be horizontal analysis and vertical analysis. Horizontal (or Dynamic) Analysis: This analysis is made to review and analyze financial statements of a number of years and, therefore, based on financial data taken from several years. This is very useful for long-term trend analysis and planning. Comparative financial statement is an example of this type of analysis. Vertical (or Static) Analysis: This analysis is made to review and analyze the financial statements of one particular year only. Ratio analysis of the financial year relating to a particular accounting year is an example of this type of analysis. 2.7 Techniques (devices or methods) of financial analysis The following techniques can be used in connection with analysis and interpretation of financial statements: 2.7.1 Comparative financial statements The comparative financial statements are statements of the financial position at different periods of time. The elements of financial position are shown in a comparative form so as to give an idea of financial position at two or more periods. The statements of two or more periods are prepared to show absolute data of two or more years, increases or decreases in absolute data in value and in terms of percentages. The two comparative statements are: Comparative Balance Sheet: the comparative balance sheet analysis is the study of the trend of the same items, group of items and computed items in two or more balance sheets of the same business enterprise on different dates. Comparative Income Statement: the comparative income statement gives the results of the operations of a business. It gives an idea of the progress of a business over a period of time. 2.7.2 Trend percentage analysis Trend analysis is an important tool of horizontal financial analysis. This analysis enables to know the changes in the financial function and operating efficiency between the time period chosen. By studying the trends of each item we can know the direction of changes and based upon the direction of changes, the opinions can be formed. These trend ratios may be compared with industry in order to know the strong or weak points of a concern. 2.7.3 Common size statement Common size financial statements are those in which figures reported are converted to some common base. Vertical analysis is required for an interpretation of underlying causes of changes over a period of time. For this, items in the financial statements are presented as percentages or ratios to total of the items and a common base for comparison is provided. Common size statements may be used for Common Size Balance Sheet: a statement in which balance sheet items are expressed as the ratio of each asset to total assets and the ratio of each liability is expressed as a ratio of total liabilities. Common Size Income Statement: the items in income statement can be shown as percentages of sales to show the relation of each item to sales. A significant relationship can be established. 2.7.4 Funds Flow Statement (or Analysis) This statement is prepared in order to reveal clearly the various sources where from the funds are procured to finance the activities of a business concern during the accounting period and also brings to highlight the uses to which these funds are put during the said period. 2.7.5 Cash Flow Statement (or Analysis) This statement is prepared to know clearly the various items of inflow and outflow of cash. It is an essential tool for short-term financial analysis and is very helpful in the evaluation of current liquidity of a business concern. It helps the business executives of a business in the efficient cash management and internal financial management. 2.7.6 Statement of Changes in Working Capital (Net Working Capital Analysis) This statement is prepared to know the net change in working capital of the business between two specified dates. It is prepared from current assets and current liabilities of the said dates to show the net increase or decrease in working capital. 2.7.7 Ratio Analysis It is done to develop meaningful relationship between individual items or group of items usually shown in the periodical financial statements published by the concern. An accounting ratio shows the relationship between the two inter-related accounting figures as gross profit to sales, current assets to current liabilities, loaned capital to owned capital etc. Ratios should not be calculated between the two unrelated figures as it will not serve any useful purpose. According to K. Shastry (1995), a powerful tool for assessments and evaluation of business enterprises is Financial Ratio Analysis. He defines financial ratio analysis as the systematic presentation of ratios, both from the internal and external financial reports, so as to summarize key relationships and results in order to appraise financial performance of the company. 2.7.8 Du Pont Analysis ROI indicates the efficiency of the concern which depends upon the working operations of the concern. Net Profit Ratio and Capital Turnover Ratio, as often called is usually computed on the basis of the chart represented by DU Pont. Thus it is known as DU Pont Chart. This system of control was applied for the first time by DU Pont Company of the United States of America. The DU Pont chart helps to the management to identify the areas of problems for the variations in the return on investment so that actions may initiated to improve the performance. The following chart can explain the ROI effect by a number of factors. Limitation of Financial Analysis Though analysis of financial statement is essential to obtain relevant information for making several decisions and formulating corporate plans and policies, it should be carefully performed as it suffers from a number of the following limitations: Mislead the users:- The accuracy of financial information largely depends on how accurately financial statements are prepared. If their preparation is wrong, the information obtained from their analysis will also be wrong which may mislead the user in making decisions. Not useful for planning:- Since financial statements are prepared by using historical financial data, therefore, the information derived from such statements may not be effective in corporate planning, if the previous situation does not prevail. Qualitative aspects:- Then financial statement analysis provides only quantitative information about the companys financial affairs. However, it fails to provide qualitative information such as management labor relation, customers satisfaction, and management skills and so on which are also equally important for decision making. Comparison not possible:- The financial statements are based on historical data. Therefore comparative analysis of financial statements of different years cannot be done as inflation distorts the view presented by the statements of different years. Wrong judgement:- The skills used in the analysis without adequate knowledge of the subject matter may lead to negative direction. Similarly, biased attitude of the analyst may also lead to wrong judgement and conclusion. Not helpful in price fixation:- In financial accounting the cost is not available as an aid in determining prices of the product services production order and product line. Not control on cost:- It does not provide for a proper control of materials and suppliers, wages. Labors and overheads. No analysis of losses:- It does not provided the complete analysis of losses due to defective material, idle time, plant and equipment. In other words no distinction is made between avoidable and unavoidable wastage.

The Debate Over The Adequacy Of Restrictions On Commercial...

The debate over the adequacy of restrictions on commercial speech and free market competition has long been contentious. This contention stems from arguments over whether the laws relating to commercial speech and free market competition promote the well-being and productivity of citizens by helping to capture the benefits of social cooperation. In a democratic society, institutions, particularly law, are the cornerstone in determining the conditions that enable individuals to capture the potential benefits of trade and exchange. In the instance of commercial free speech and competition, the decisions in the cases of the Virginia State Board, the NCAA, and Microsoft Corporation, personify how the corresponding laws have proven to be beneficial to both society and business. The Supreme Court Case of Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council was an important case in determining the application of the First Amendment to commercial speech. The statute in que stion prohibited pharmacists from advertising the prices of prescription drugs and found those who did guilty of unprofessional conduct. More specifically, section 54-524.35 of Va.Code Ann. (1974) states â€Å"that a pharmacist licensed in Virginia is guilty of unprofessional conduct if he ‘publishes, advertises or promotes, directly or indirectly, in any manner whatsoever, any amount, price, fee, premium, discount, rebate or credit terms . . . for any drugs which may be dispensed only byShow MoreRelatedThe Airline Industry: Facing The Challenges Of The 21st Century20678 Words   |  83 Pages........................................7 PASSENGER AVERAGE TRIP LENGTHS AND FARE LEVELS IN ..............................11 US DOMESTIC MARKETS ..................................................................................................11 AIR TRANSPORT COSTS AND COMPETITION REGIMES...........................................13 AIR FREIGHT IN ASIAN MARKETS: BOOM OR BUST? .......... .....................................17 THE EFFECTS OF FARE SEGMENTATION FOR AIRLINE BOTTOM LINE .............23Read MoreBusiness Law I Summary34667 Words   |  139 PagesWorld While science and technology have been taking great leaps forward over the last century, other less dramatic changes have been taking place (role of the government, women.) 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Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health) Free Essays

string(139) " reason it is so effective in improving someone’s health is because it keeps the heart beating at a high rate for a long period of time\." Rodney Whitehead Eng 102 Research Paper 12/10/08 Football A person’s health is one of the most important things to maintain throughout his/her life. Playing sports is a fun and effective way to stay healthy mentally as well as physically. Football is an extremely physical, mentally advanced sport and is an excellent example of this. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Football is an effective way to improve the physical, mental and social aspects of a person’s health. Football dates as far back as ancient Greece. Greeks made these games, which compare to modern football, to simulate warfare and battle strategies. If you know how an ancient phalanx works, you can find similarities between it and how the offensive and defensive line interact. It’s mostly just a lot of pushing and shoving with intent to penetrate the line and break the phalanx using shields and spears in a tactical fashion to create an ideally impenetrable unit. The linebackers, and defensive backs would represent the secondary defenses. The offensive backs and receivers represented the higher ranks of warriors. It was a game they played to showcase their skills, and it was an alternative of staying in shape without spending hours in the gymnasium. It also gave them more social interactions with people who had similar interests. The game of football has without a doubt become more advanced. It has become an multitude of associations and leagues each with their own individual rules and regulations. The game itself can be very confusing to understand from a foreign standpoint. However, the object of the game is simple. The team with the ball has to get it into the opposing teams endzone. Obviously it is more complicated than that but it’s the basic idea. When weighing the pros and cons of impacts on health with playing football, there are some negative aspects that go along with it such as injuries, risks with playing in severely cold weather, and other minor problems players might have with chronic pain or irritations on the body which include joint damage, turf toe and athletes foot, etc. Injuries in professional football do happen often, but it’s a part of playing the game. I personally would have rather broken every limb on my body than not ever have played football. According to Ernest Needham, injuries are abundant but not overwhelming considering the amount of people who play the sport. â€Å"We all know that accidents will happen in the best regulated of sports (even pedestrians are not free from them); but accidents of a serious or fatal nature are very rare considering the thousands who play, and it is questionable whether the percentage does not compare favorably with those of other pastimes (Unk 1-Par 7)†. All other health risks of football which are but minor compared to injuries should just be something athletes should go through to play such a fun and beneficial game. In my eyes, football is one hundred percent beneficial. One of the best things about football is that there is a spot for and type of person. Basically big, strong men play on the line; small, fast men can usually play as cornerbacks and safeties; strong and fast men will usually play running back or linebacker; and the tall, fast guys who can catch make good receivers. One aspect of football that makes it good for human health and development is the extra conditioning that is required to stay in shape. Conditioning mainly is based around running. A good thing for football players to practice and develop often is sprinting. Speed is the most important factor when playing football and it is extremely beneficial to one’s health to sprint on a regular basis. It allows the heart to adapt and operate at higher speeds without such a high exhaustion factor as would usually be the case for someone who doesn’t sprint regularly or at all for that matter. Football builds up strength and endurance in every part of your body. It increases your cardiovascular muscles and decreases your resting heart rate. You also become more balanced by learning different techniques and it develops the footwork of athletes to build speed and quickness. Unk 3 Par 2) Sprinting is most commonly practiced in what we call circuits or pyramids. A circuit is a multitude of different types of sprints performed in a row with little or no rest. For example, an athlete would start with seated arm sprints and when the whistle blows, he would get up and sprint to the forty yard cone at full speed. When he reaches the cone he would back pedal 20 yards, then do fifteen seconds of high knees. After this he would then sprint out the remaining forty yards. Circuits can be performed in any order with any combination of sprinting exercises. Circuits promote endurance, acceleration, speed and exercise diversity which is an important part of adaptive health as well as a vital skill one needs to play football. Sprinting pyramids go along with the idea of starting out small and gradually increasing distance and intensity. Let’s say you’re on a standard track. From the starting line, the sprinter would sprint a short ten yards, touch the line and come back. This is followed by increments of ten usually. Once the pyramid reaches sixty yards out, the sprinter gradually goes back down in increments of ten to act as a cool-down. Pyramids develop an athletes agility, endurance and also builds an athletes ability to sprint with stability and control. As a result, sprinting is extremely beneficial to an athletes health and well-being and this demonstrates how the sprinting aspect of football is a major part in the health of an individual. Most teams also coach their athletes to run long distances. Long distance running is an excellent way to boost a human’s cardiovascular stamina and increase the strength in an athletes fast-twitch muscle system in his/her legs. The reason it is so effective in improving someone’s health is because it keeps the heart beating at a high rate for a long period of time. You read "Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health)" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" This sends oxygen quickly to all the body’s key receptors which is essential to maintain motor skills, and better a human’s growth and blood flow. It also enables the heart to adapt and strengthen to be able to handle such a strain for such a long period of time. This helps athletes keep energy during games and practice without getting as tired. Long distance running is usually done as a team or in smaller groups throughout the team. For example, the backs receivers will run in one group and the lineman and linebackers will run in the other. The distance teams run always varies based on the coaches, how the practice has gone so far, and the weather, but usually when I say â€Å"a long distance run†, I mean at the very least one mile. Take me for example. I run one and a half miles every day before I strength train. I don’t consider that to be a long distance run at all. It’s more like a little warm up. On Fridays I run three miles which judging by how tired I am after, I consider to be long distance running. What defines the term â€Å"long distance running† is the physical abilities of the athlete and how much they are willing to sacrifice to be a healthy person and an excellent football player. Running in football is a great building block to a healthy lifestyle. Usually people who run and do other exercises regularly will generally have more energy throughout the day than non-athletes. People who have not experienced this first-hand may think otherwise. They might think that if someone exercises everyday, it would drain them and make them tired all the time. That is definitely not the case. Exercise lowers your heart rate in times of inactivity allowing the body to operate using less energy than someone who’s heart rate may be higher during times of inactivity. For example an idle body which has a heart rate of 70 regularly will use more energy than an athlete with an idle heart rate of 52. Therefore an athlete will generally have more energy when not exercising. Overall, running is an important part of football and an excellent way to stay in shape. In the sport of football, it is essential to compete with one another to be the strongest and the fastest. This being said, strength training is extremely important and is also highly beneficial to the sport. Their are many lifts that are specific to football, but weight lifting in general is a remarkably healthy life practice. First of all, it takes a lot of calories to build and maintain muscle, therefore just weightlifting alone could be a great way to get rid of fat. Basically, if someone lift weights to lose fat, he/she will be losing fat and replacing it with muscle making him/her leaner, lighter and stronger. Lifting weights is also a healthy way to socialize. When an athlete lifts weights, he/she usually uses a spotter and if they both are in the same strength range they will usually do all their lifts together and create a friendly relationship with one another. Team chemistry is also something that is taught and practiced in all leagues. The coaches usually try to ensure the cooperation and friendship of all their teammates. This builds builds the bonds that keep a team strong and the benefit an athletes mental and social health. An person’s mental health is probably more important that his/her physical health. Football is an excellent way to develop mental strong mental health. In most cases, players need to remember all the different plays and formation in a playbook to run a solid offense. That should be easy for most people with half a brain but they also have to know how to make quick reads and shifts in blocking to make plays work based on how the defense is aligned. This is a very complex skill that only comes with experience in the game. This trait illustrates a strong mentality which is extremely healthy to develop especially in early years. According to Abby Lerner’s quote from Sian Beilock, associate professor in psychology at the University of Chicago, playing football plays a big role in developing essential language skills students need to understand complex situations. â€Å"Experience playing and watching sports has enduring effects on language understanding by changing the neural networks that support comprehension to incorporate areas active in performing sports skills,† Beilock said. (Lerner Par 4) He also said that the findings may soon be applied to education. For example, the best way to teach kids about momentum and physics may not be assigning lengthy reading assignments, but getting them up from their desks and moving. â€Å"The experience of acting something out may help them understand the concept much better (Lerner Par 5)†. Football also promotes a healthier diet. The coaches stress that their players eat healthy and many of them put their athletes on a strict eating plan. Athletes in professional football and high high division college football are usually given a meal plan to improve their health and well-being. A good meal plan would consist of foods high in protein and carbohydrates in the morning, foods high in carbohydrates at noon, and high protein and vitamins in the evening such as boiled chicken and green vegetables. Such practices, along with exercising, weightlifting and stretching, can actually reduce the risk of injury. A balanced diet can also help keep the digestive system regulated. Eating the right foods at the right times is an important part of staying healthy so it is no wonder that the health driven sport of football practices sticking to a healthy diet. Football is an extremely disciplined and physical sport, but it is probably the most fun a person can have if he/she is trying to stay healthy. Through the coaching of strength, conditioning, dieting and enhanced brain activity, football is a great way to improve the physical and mental health of individuals of all ages. Works Cited Author Unknown1. â€Å"Health Risks of Playing Football†. Publisher Unknown www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/Fhealth. htm This articles focuses on the downside to football. It illustrates certain health risks and diseases that may be caused by playing football, both long term and short term. It tends to use a lot of statistics and credited facts throughout the article. In fact, the bulk of the article is composed of these statistics and facts. Little is shown of the writer’s own input of the subject. Author Unknown2. â€Å"Football improves health of the community†. Publisher Unknown http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/News/DH_4111986 This article illustrates the positive physical effects of football. It points out that the sport promotes a healthier diet, teaches drug and alcohol awareness and promotes good sexual health as well as social inclusion. Author Unknown3. What are the benefits of football†. Wiki-Answers. http://wiki. answers. com/Q/ This is sort of a Q and A format article. It asks the question; What are the health and physical benefits of playing football? It is followed by multiple answers from anonymous contributors. Some answers are straight and to the point and some go in depth with exciting facts in vivid detail. Lerner, Abby. â€Å"The Best Reason to Watch More Football†. Men’s Health. http://www. menshealth. com/cda/article Watching football is had been a proven way of increasing brain activity and comprehension efficiency. This article developes reasons of how and why it does and it explains them in depth. Moor, Craeg(? ). â€Å"Improve mental health through playing football†.  © 2008 Adfero Ltd. craegmoor. co. uk/news/industry/18518880/ The mental health benefits of playing football are beyond significant. Football is a great way to socialize and develop relationships with other players in an informal, fun way which has effects on a person’s emotions, relationships, identity and self-esteem. This article develops these benefits in a very compact article in which I will probably have to use sentence numbers. How to cite Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health), Essays

What techniques are used in Shrek Essay Example

What techniques are used in Shrek Paper For this piece of coursework I will be evaluating the Technique that is used in the movie trailer of Shrek 2 to attract its target audience. The trailers are ways of launching a new film into market place.Tralier are mainly used for advertising. They contain short clip from the feature film which attract the target audience. The trailer is usually 2 to 3 minutes. Trailer are short because they are only effective for only short period of time as it losses impact. The main jobs of film trailer advertising to show the story in short and persuade the audience to buy film. From the trailer the audience are able to tell what genre (comedy, action, horror, and thriller) and the narrative of film is. From the trailer audience will know who is star of the film are who is the director of film. Films are also promoted in magazines, Newspaper, Internet and posters.  A target audience can depend on age and gender and will contain sound and images that will appeal to that target audience. Trailers are extremely important marketing tool, along with posters as they encourage many people to watch or rent film. Trailer must have many qualities to attract its target audience. It must have a great amount of information in a short amount of time. We will write a custom essay sample on What techniques are used in Shrek specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What techniques are used in Shrek specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What techniques are used in Shrek specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The target audience in Shrek 2 is all age group because this film can be enjoyed by anyone. Shrek is animated film created by DreamWorks and brought to life by state of the art 3d animation. The music used in the film is also different to other such productions. Instead of the characters bursting in to song all the time, the songs are played by an external person and reflect the mood of the characters in a particular scene. Shrek 2 Film is featured be all star cast providing the voice and a whole host of class new characters in the host of class new character in the enchanting Shrek story. The film has a large intake of digital animation, and has a long list of different animating techniques. Shrek 2 is a computer animated film. The Shrek 2 trailer use various technique to target it audience. One of the techniques used in Shrek 2 trailer is camera angel. Good camera angel is very import ant in any films to attract their target audience. Camera makes audience to view the film from different angel camera shot can make audience to look close-up view of someone or something. Shrek 2 have eye catching colour that will attract most of children. Shrek 2 film trailer highly concentrates on children due to the mixtures of colours and the cartoon characters, it also focus on young adults and adults themselves due to the hummer and animation with star voice throw out the hole movie. The opening of the trailer immediately catches the audience eye as the camera focuses on the words Far Far Away which sit on amounting top, as Shrek, Fiona and Donkey travel by a horse drawn carriage for 700 miles to reach the kingdom of princess Fiona parents . Here Adult humour is shown because the board should traditionally say Hollywood not Far Far away this immediately makes us smile. After the opening clips of the kingdom there is a flash and DreamWorks appears, here a voiceover is used. The voice over is a device that is intended to guide you to understand the film , using the right language and voice tones, to dramatise as much as possible without over hyping. The voice which appears as a standard feature in trailer, build the sense of mystery and suspense. The voice over in Shrek 2 says, DreamWorks invites you to a land of fairytales and then fairytale characters appear like the Pinocchio, ginger bread man, and the three piglets. A voiceover is used to link shots and to increase childrens understandings of what is going to happen in the film. Shrek 2 is aimed at both kids and families. Some scenes in the film were aimed at a specific target audience. For example, the scene where Fairy Godmother makes a performance on the stage and is wearing a red dress and lies down on the piano. There were some scenes that were suitable for kids to watch. For example, the scene where Shrek and other characters found out that Pinocchio wears a thong. Overall, I think the Shrek 2 trailer was persuasive and effective because it has influenced millions of other children and adult across the world to go and watch or buy the film. This was achieved by the producers using a lot of clever and innovative camera shots, sound effects e.g. shots of action and humour. These were sufficient to make people feel and think that this was going to be a great and entertaining film. The trailer had a lot of unique selling point e.g. the actors, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Mike Myers and John. These actors are very famous and the best in their field. This is another strong selling point of the film.

Why You Should Become a Nurse Professor Ramos Blog

Why You Should Become a Nurse Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nursing is without a doubt the best career and you should become a nurse. People are always going to be dying which is great for you because youll always have a job. There will always be illnesses, a wide variety I may add, that will need tending to. In other words there will always be a demand for nurses. In the words of Metallica its sad but true. Its not all sad though because the job comes with benefits, and not just better access to healthcare insurance. In my essay I will be arguing why you, the reader, should become a nurse. I will try to be convincing by bringing the pros and cons to you. Nurses themselves made this list so you will have a credible inside look of what its like to be nurse. The pros are earning potential, unlimited job opportunities, high demand for decades to come and purpose. The cons are its difficult, demanding, common bullying in workplace and possible legal consequences for mistakes. What is nursing? When did it start?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to google nursing is a profession within the healthcare sector focused on the care of individuals, families and communities so they may attain, maintain or recover optimal health and quality of life. In other words nurses save and improve lives. Nursing in essence has been around since the beginning of time since people have been burdened with illness and death since well, the beginning of time (if it werent for that bitch Eve though). Around the 1500s nursing was largely based on religion, with the vast majority of available nurses consisting of nuns and even monks. At first Hospitals were attached to Cathedrals and monasteries in Europe. It is said that the roots of modern nursing began to take shape in the 18th and 19th centuries during these years, Britain and North America were at the forefront of Innovation within the industry. In the early 1900s Florence Nightingale helped to change the nature of the profession forever. At this ti me nursing was becoming more important than ever due to the many wars being waged. While Florence Nightingale is one of the most popular nurses in history, there were many other women who worked tirelessly to provide high quality health care to anyone that needed it, providing the model for nursing that still exists today (nursingschoolhub.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Nursing is invaluable without it more people would have died in World Wars and Civil Wars. Without it our nations growth, including others, would have been hindered. And without these advances we could still be dying from something as simple as diarrhea or smallpox. Sure someone might say nurses are just sidekicks to medical science and doctors. But who is Captain Kirk without Spock? Or Han Solo without Chewbacca? And we all know without Dr. Watsons help, Sherlock Holmes would just be a drug addict locked away while he loses his mind. Nurses are the unseen heroes that play essential parts in saving lives. Money and Unlimited Job Opportunities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The median yearly pay for a registered nurse in 2018 was 71,730. You can be someones sugar daddy with money like that, or you can stay ethical like your career and take care of yourself and your loved ones. The first reason why you should become a nurse is because of the earning potential. If you get an associates degree in nursing you can become a licensed practitioner nurse (LPN) and they make around $44,000 a year. To receive a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN) and become a registered nurse (RN) it takes about four years to complete and you can make around $71,000 per year. If youd like to make over $100,000 a year you can become an advanced practice nurse (AP) by holding a masters degree in a particular focused area. You can even work your way up into Administration and not be on your feet all day. There are also a variety a specific patient groups. Meaning you can work in a hospital environment (Critical Care Nurses) take care of ne wborn babies (Neonatology) working just a simple doctors office administering things like immunizations ( Public Health Nurses) (Bureau of Labor Statistics). From working with pregnant women from old people to addicted people these are positions that are in demand and need to be filled. And these are only a few job opportunities mentioned. But its Difficult and Demanding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You will see sad situations. There will be times in your nursing career where you witness sad or tragic situations. Patients do not all make it, and watching someone die can be tough (Gapmedics). But if youre able to catch a change in patient condition, you essentially save their life (Rasmussen). Death is inevitable and at some point in your personal life you will probably experience this regardless of your career choice. Understanding that you risk witnessing sad or tragic situations in order to help or save, even just one life, is part of the job. This sad but true reality defines the value of your work and skills that is very rare in any other field. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. And the gain of helping or saving a persons life is beyond comparison. But still, nursing can be demanding on your own life. It is a high-stress career. The job requires constant attention to details, serving others and sometimes hustling for hours without much do wntime. Nurses themselves said the stress can be debilitating (Rasmussen). Knowing your limits, being assertive and getting therapy and a massage (and even a boat) with that $71,000 can help reduce stress. Due to the unlimited job opportunities you can also transfer to a less stressful genre of nursing like public Health in a doctor’s office. The taxing 12-hour shifts can be both a pro and a con. It can be strenuous but also a big plus because you would have more time off. This is not the only option though, you can work 10 hour shifts for 4 days or the typical 5-day work week depending on the specific patient group you choose. High demand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nursing is a profession that will be in high demand for decades to come. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics the economic job growth is not as bad as we think and that it is expected to grow 6% from 2016 to 2026, about as fast as average for all occupations. Nursing on the other hand is expected to grow much faster at 15%. Growth will occur for a number of reasons. Demand for healthcare services will increase because of the aging population, given that older people typically have more medical problems than younger people. Overall, job opportunities for registered nurses are expected to be good because of employment growth and the need to replace workers who retire over the coming decade (Bureau of Labor Statistics). A con to this pro is that the supply of new nurses entering the labor market has increased therefore competition for jobs has also increased in some areas of the country. A solution to this is earning a Bachelor of Science Degr ee in nursing since those with a BSN have better job prospects than those without one (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Bullying   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nursing is a caring and compassionate profession where bullying is a problem. A bully in nursing is a person who habitually intimidates or harms nurses he or she believes to be vulnerable and possibly incompetent. Numerous Studies have documented a prevalence (range 17% to 85%) of bullying in nursing. The type of bullying behavior that was reported was repeatedly controlling, belittling, unjustifiably criticizing, oppressing, ignoring, threatening, verbally abusing, assigning too heavy workloads, undervaluing, or under appreciating the efforts of the nurse or group of nurses being bullied (Meires J). There are things you can do to prevent bullying from happening though. Bullies dont always know that they are perceived as difficult and believe their behavior is justified so a simple acknowledgement that there is a problem and a solution are all that are needed to stop the bullying (Meires J). Just be confident and confront the bully respectfully. Anoth er way to avoid being bullied is to have emotional intelligence, meaning monitoring your own feelings and the feelings of others and using good judgment to not overreact like the bully. You can also have a practical approach. One approach to bullying is to reflect on the situation before acting, and then you can talk to them directly after the incident or during a break. If all else fails there is an institution policy on bullying/incivility and there are specific actions you can take if or when encountering a colleague who is a bully (Meires J). Purpose   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Helping and saving lives is the purpose of a nurse. What could be more rewarding than that? Some might argue this is the greatest purpose. But what is the purpose of saving lives? Maybe this is a question only a psychopath would ask but its one that I found myself asking. The answer I found was value. Human life holds value although Im sure what that value is, because, Im not you. Im me. Every individual’s job is to find their value and to do so they have to find who they are first and once thats done they find their purpose. For example a Christian person might believe they are a child of God and so theyve found their purpose. What is the cancer patient or the recovering addict’s purpose? Coping? Nursing focuses on the care of individuals so that they may attain, maintain or recover optimal health and in turn help the patient get back to or find their purpose. I dont think this is something that nurses are aware of. Or maybe they ar e and theyre just really humble. The last reason why you should become a nurse is because you would not only be helping people live physically but to live actually, to the potential of their value. Which a nurse might say is invaluable. Possible Legal Consequences   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since nurses deal with illnesses, sometimes life-threatening, consequences of mistakes are greater. One could say dont make mistakes then but, Nurses work with sophisticated equipment, and every now and then the equipment fails. If you dont report malfunctions immediately, or if you use the equipment improperly, you could be held responsible in certain circumstances (Brouillet and Calfeee). A more common scenario are the critical situations that nurses have to monitor. Nurses monitor up to eight patients and if more than one of them is in critical condition you could be held liable if you miss significant changes on a monitor. Keeping a journal only to protect yourself in unusual circumstances, following procedures and being Direct with your manager about your concerns or need for help are a few ways to avoid possible legal consequences (Brouillet and Calfee). There are also areas of nursing that administer immunizations and checkups that dont dea l with life or death situations where possible legal consequences for mistakes are highly unlikely. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a nurse you can confidently say the work you do benefits the world. I think all jobs benefit the world, no matter how insignificant they may feel, but nursing deals with the most terrible and beautiful aspects in said world; life and death. Even if you become a nurse in a doctor’s office, doing checkups on patients, you are monitoring their optimal health so they can live their purpose. Nursing pays great and youre more than likely to get the job, and flexibility within that job; ranging from work environment to hours. Despite the cons of the job being demanding, difficult, dealing with possible bullying and legal consequences, you can live your life outside of work knowing that what you do has been and will continue to be vital for human existence and progression. Without nursing we’d probably still be dying from Flu. And for those who are still dying from diseases and illnesses, nursing helps these patients to live their purpose beyond coping. There is no greater purpose than helping people live this life to their potential. As a nurse you will not only be helping people survive life but to live it. Also, nurses have the stereotype of being hot. Brouillet, Richard A., and Barbara E. Calfee. â€Å"Weighing the Pros and Cons.† Nursing, vol. 25, no. 5, May 1995, p. 30. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=9505210803site=ehost-live. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Registered Nurses, on the Internet at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registered-nurses.htm (visited July 30, 2019). Meires, Jan. â€Å"Workplace Incivility. The Essentials: Here’s What You Need to Know about Bullying In Nursing.† Urologic Nursing, vol. 38, no. 2, Mar. 2018, pp. 95–98. EBSCOhost, doi:10.7257/1053-816X.2018.38.2.95. https://www.nursingschoolhub.com/history-nursing/ gapmedics.com/blog/2014/12/19/10-must-know-pros-and-cons-of-becoming-a-nurse/ rasmussen.edu/degrees/nursing/blog/pros-and-cons-of-being-nurse/

Top 15 Ways to Use Social Media to Get a Job

Top 15 Ways to Use Social Media to Get a Job On September 15, I had the privilege of participating in a Twitter chat on using social media to get a job. Participants included many journalism professors who had spot-on advice for students and other job seekers, and who confirmed some best practices for using Twitter and LinkedIn to find a job. One professor, Samra Bufkins MJ, APR (@Samjb) stated that she requires all her students to have a LinkedIn profile – and she grades it! Not only that, but she requires them to create a profile both at the beginning of the semester and at the end, hammering in the importance of keeping your LinkedIn profile fresh and up-to-date! Here are the top 10 pieces of advice I gathered from the chat: Recruiters and employers are looking for you on LinkedIn. Use keywords that will help you appear in searches, and complete the Skills section which is searched by recruiters (@BrendaBernstein)! Always post a professional picture of yourself on LinkedIn (no cats or significant others – reserve those for Facebook!). Build and expand your LinkedIn network in smart ways, choosing the people you want to connect with and whose connections you would want to connect with (@BrendaBernstein). Students can start by reaching out to current and former professors and influentials they meet in their communities (@DarrinDevault). Don’t be afraid to ask for introductions from mutual connections or to interact with people by asking questions and sending compliments (@Samjb, @kingisafink). Follow organizations and companies that interest you on Twitter and LinkedIn, and connect with key people at companies you want to work for. Use the Find Alumni feature on LinkedIn (@jmeucci). Alumni can help you get in front of people who might otherwise pass you over (@Samjb). If you blog, write for student media, or do freelance work, post links to your work on LinkedIn (@Samjb). Read this article on How to Use Twitter to Find a Job. If you get somebody’s business card at a conference, connect with them using a personal connect request within 24 hours (@Samjb). (This tweet was hailed as bordering on â€Å"Biblical advice† by Jason Meucci (@jmeucci)). Supporting #5, always make LinkedIn connection requests from your computer, not from your phone, and do it from the person’s actual full profile, not from a list (@BrendaBernstein). That way you can personalize your request. Some professors will not accept any invitations that are not personalized (@DarrinDevault). Don’t be shy about displaying your accomplishments (@kingisafink). When engaging in ALL social media, including Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, etc., be aware that people could be watching. Be careful what you post! Teach others how to use social media and you will become better at it yourself (@uw_sjmc). And the more you use it, the better you’ll get! If you are a student, check out LinkedIn’s student guide to using LinkedIn. Congratulate people in your network on their new jobs, awards, etc. And wish them a happy birthday! You can find out about these events from your Connections tab on LinkedIn. Turn real life connections into social media connections, and vice versa (@kingisafink). The online world does not exist in a vacuum! The above 15 tips speak for themselves. Whether you are a student or seasoned professional, start putting them into practice now! And of course, my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, soon to be released in print, covers more LinkedIn job search tips than could ever be addressed in an hour-long chat session. If you are not on my e-list and haven’t gotten your free excerpt yet, please click here to join!

Financial Analysis for International Company Essay

Financial Analysis for International Company - Essay Example RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING FINANCIAL RISKS: 11 6.2. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING OPERATIONAL RISKS 11 6.3. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING MARKET PLACE RISKS 12 6.4. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING MACRO-ECONOMIC RISKS 12 7. References 13 1. INTRODUCTION: Dixons Retail Plc is the largest electrical and computing retailer in Europe. The company offers wide range of products and services and it operates in 26 countries. The company sells the following products: Consumer electronics, Personal computers, Domestic appliances, Photographic equipment and Communication products. Principal products like Brown goods, white goods, computing products and mobile phones are sold by the company. The company is a multi-channel retailer that sells products over the internet, in stores and by phone and it also provides product support services to the customers. B2B sales and services are also carried out by the company. (Forbes.com LLC , 2011) 1.1ABOUT DIXONS RETAIL PLC: The company offers wide range of produ cts and services and it operates in 26 countries. In 13 countries, the company has approx. 1,200 stores. The company has over 38,000 employees and it holds number 1 position in the UK & Ireland, Greece, Nordics and the Czech Republic. (Dixons Retail Plc, 2011) The company operates four divisions which are as follows: 1. UK & Ireland 2. Nordics 3. Other International 4. E-commerce Important information related to these four divisions is given below in the table: (Dixons Retail Plc, 2011) UK & Ireland Nordics Other International E-commerce SALES ?3.8bn ?2.3bn ?1.2bn ?0.8bn EBIT ?71.3m ?105.6m (?21.6m) ?0.9m MARKET POSITION Number 1 Number 1 Number 1 in Greece, Number 2 in Italy and Czech Leading internet operator across Europe SHARE OF GROUP 47% 28% 15% 10% NO. OF EMPLOYEES 23,091 7,343 6,191 1,398 NO. OF STORES 642 285 308 - 1.2 TURNOVER: In 2006, Dixons Retail’s turnover was ?7,403,400,000 then in 2007 it was ?7,929,700,000 i.e. an increase of 7.108%. In 2008, the turnover wa s ?8,545,900,000 then in 2009 it was ?8,364,600,000 i.e., a decrease of 2.122%. In 2010, the company’s turnover was ?8,532,500,000 i.e. an increase of 2.007%. (WorkSMART, nd) 2. FINANCIAL POSITION: In 2007, Dixons Retail’s profit was ?114,100,000 then in 2008 it faced a loss of ?192,800,000. In 2009, the company again faced a loss of ?140,400,000 but then in 2010 Dixons Retail achieved a profit of ?112,700,000. In 2011, the company faces a loss of ?224,100,000. (WorkSMART, nd) In 2007, Dixons Retail’s revenue was ?7929.70m then in 2008 it was ?8488.00m i.e. an increase of 7.041%. In 2009, the revenue was ?8317.80m then in 2010 it was ?8532.50m i.e. an increase of 2.581%. In 2011, the company’s revenue is ?8341.80m i.e. a decrease of 2.235%. (London Stock Exchange PLC, 2011) Other important Dixons Retail’s financial indicators are given below in the table: DIXONS RETAIL FINANCIAL INDICATORS (Telegraph Media Group Limited, 2011) MAY 2011 MAY 2010 MAY 2009 MAY 2008 MAY 2007 P/E RATIO -2.18 17.42 -4.04 -4.81 89.45 ROCE -14.86 6.56 -14.74 2.4 OPERATING MARGIN -2.93 0.7 -2.67 -3.05 0.42 RETURN ON ASSETS -5.61 2.48 -4.96 -5.68 1.08 EV/BIT -4.17 9.09 -11.73 -7.70 19.43 GEARING RATIO 44.93 37.49 53.73 31.79 23.54 P/BV RATIO 0.8 1.41 1.31 1.48 2.31 P/CASHFLOW RATIO 2.89 14.16 -46.19 6.13 12.57 QUICK RATIO 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.38 0.5 TURNOVER PER SHARE 2.261 2.441 2.825 3.504 3.186 PEG (HISTORICAL GROWTH) 0.06 -0.46 0.12 0.73 -165.66 EPS GROWTH 7.00% 50.00% -90.00%

Concepts of Culture and Society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concepts of Culture and Society - Research Paper Example There are different elements of culture and social forces that continuously influence us as an individual in society. These elements not only differentiate us from people belonging to other cultures but also help us stick to our basic values and traditions. Some of the most important elements of culture and social forces influencing us include language, values, religion, social organization, and arts and literature. Values are the cultural standards, which help us determine what is right and what is wrong whereas norms are the rules of a culture, which tell us how to behave in a society. Every culture has its own norms and values, which distinguish people from one another. Language helps us communicate our feelings to other people around us. People speaking the same language usually share a common culture. However, in some societies people speak different languages due to different cultural backgrounds. This element of culture makes a person identified as a person belonging to some specific culture. Social organization is another basic element of a culture. Social organization refers to the collection of institutions, social groups, classes, and social forces such as family and relatives, which form a society. Every individual has different social grouping and class in a society, which distinguishes him or her from other individuals living in a society. Socialization is a very complex process, which helps a person think and behave according to what is considered worthy (Berns, 2010, p. 12). Socializing agents such as family, school, peer groups, technology, workplace, religion, and state influence us as individuals in a society. The social views, political views, and social norms and values portrayed by the mass media and technology put a deep impact on the thoughts of every individual distinguishing him or her from other individuals. Workplace is another socializing

The Politics Of The Reproducibility Cultural Studies Essay

The Politics Of The Reproducibility Cultural Studies Essay Reproducibility is the ability of something to be accurately reproduced or replicated by another individual working independently. It relates to the agreement of the results with different operators using different tools at a different location. The results are always reported as a standard deviation from the original plan. In Benjamin works of art, reproducibility is a process that occurs slowly and may take a long time. Benjamin discusses the reproducibility in the works of art and the entire world of photography and film. It is all about the modern age and its effects on the work of arts. How art has been changed by the perception of the humans through time. Reproducibility changes the original piece of art through the change of the originality or aura of the artistic image, the real message put across and the cult value of the original art. The reproduction of pieces of art causes a total change in the perception of the art and can send a total different meaning to the observer. Reproducibility is an inevitable process that takes place over time and it serves to bring a lot of change in the meaning of art. It overshadows the concepts of originality and creativity of art. It can therefore be said that reproducibility is one big enemy to the world of art and the divine talent requirement to be artistic. A look at the photography of today, there is so much reproducibility of photographs of various places and features that the real image or the original item cannot be defined. It is not easy to tell anymore if the items in photographs are really as represented. Photography can be said to leave out a lot of details of the original thing. For example details such as the distance, vegetation and the color are completely distorted. With the advances in technology photographs can be used to represent an image of a certain thing just like in a painting. This also leaves out a lot the originality of the image displayed. For example the photographs of the mountain like the Alps remove the concept of space and time. According to (Blunden ii), even the most perfect pieces of art that are reproduced are lacking in the element of space and time. The technology of the modern times in photography renders the work of art impure. While some pictures will want to portray the mountains to have peaks that are slightly steep and have very green vegetation others show complete different imagery of steep peeks and no vegetation. This technology of photography renders the works of art impure and changes the original forms of the art. Photography can be said to make the work of art loose the aura or the authenticity through the mechanical production. While the photograph of the mountain will be representing an image of another image, a painting will be the original mountain. Paintings would capture the concentration and contemplation of the viewer unlike photography. The paintings would be fascinating and inviting to the observer. The cult value that would have been in a painting is replaced by the exhibition value in photography. The cult value does not disappear suddenly but in a shadowy manner. The cult value is still represented in photography but in a far distant manner because just like the portraits, photography is also meant as storage of memories. Photography as a replacement of painting brings out a distant political significance through the creation of memories. The images of photography also bring out a very different side of the original. The photographs are meant to capture what the original person and the photographer want to portray to the viewer; therefore the original thing is not what the viewer sees but the viewer is subjected to a totally different concept. Photography has led to the shift between the original, authentic value of what the viewer is subjected to, to a more modern way of view. The paintings displayed the original view of the items with the same color, creativity and authenticity were also very much a part of the paintings, but with photography most of these aspects are lost in the modernity part. Photography values the exhibition value more than the cult value. The photographs do not evoke the free contemplation that a painting will. They both portray the past events but paintings have the free flowing contemplation and concentration in the viewer compared to a photograph that will carry less of such value. Photography is a reproduction of the paintings and therefore fails to achieve the original basis of paintings. The photographs shape the original political meaning of paintings through randomness storage. Unlike the historical times when the paintings were done according to specific occasions or factors, photography is done at any particular time with little consideration to reasons. Photography also presents a distraction with mixed ideas and presents the perception of avoidance of difficult tasks. The works of art will generally capture the most difficult of tasks and will aim at the presentation of the most important factors of an item. Art is able to bring the masses together; it acts to mobilize the people through getting their attention to a particular thing. Photography on the other hand falls below these perceptions and always takes the easiest way of artistic representation. The photographs tend to present a distraction instead of a pull and these shows that the master of the art is just but a habit than really the creativity and talent in it. The public is therefore made as an observer but only absent mindedly without the proper concentration that the works of art expects. The idea is to capture and satisfy the human interest which could simply be the removal of the special function from the field of view. The images of photography therefore leave out a lot of the important details of art meaning the concept of reproducibility leads to the distortion of the original concept. The mechanical change noted in the photography means that the reproduction of the works of art leads to the change in the method of exhibition. Photographs simply change the reaction of the public to works of art and change the perception of the works of art. It gives the masses an option of critics. The historical work of arts like the paintings and the portraits were easily accepted by the masses but the photography technology of the modern day has been faced with a lot of critics. For example in Blunden essay, he says that the 19th century disputes to whether photography is a work of art, (part 7). This shows that there is doubt in people at the authentic value of photography in comparison with art. Photography fails to create the subtle effect in the viewers that a simple portrait would. On the other hand, this mechanical production of the works of art is bound to change the public reaction to the particular piece of art, (part 12). It can therefore be concluded that the effects of reproduction are adverse to the work of arts. It is quite unfortunate that reproducibility is inevitable especially with the new technologies that come daily with the modern world. The technology is bound to change the works of art and bring a different representation of art. The political significance shifts with every new introduction to the original piece of art. The works of art space and time concept are totally changed in the same manner. s